Female Circumcision Essays - Religion And Children, Feminism

Female Circumcision Lou Barbero Barbero 1 Professor Garber Hm 46 March 5th The Argument against Female Circumcision Female circumcision is an operation done in many of the Arab countries and is an example of how woman change their bodies in order to conform to society. There are many aspects to this practice such as medical, religious and psychological. Very few people in these countries will ever say anything on the matter, even if they object. Speaking of issues regarding women and sex in these countries is a taboo. One woman, Nawal El Saadawi, a medical doctor who later became Egypt's Director of Public Health was brave enough to come forward. The fact that she did ultimately lead to dismissal from her position and actual imprisonment. Her writings are forbidden from many of the Arab countries that practice female circumcision. In a selection from The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World (1980), she explains her argument against female circumcision and retells some interviews she had with women who underwent the operation. El Saadawi goes into detail telling about the procedure that the girls underwent in her culture, usually around the age of seven or eight. The local midwife called the daya, would show up to perform the operation. In most cases two women members of the family would hold the girl by her thighs to expose her genitals and to prevent struggling. Then the daya would proceed to cut of the clitoris of the girl with a sharp razor. One of the women El Saadawi interviewed explained "the daya sat between these two women, Barbero 2 holding a sharp razor in her hand which she used to cut off the clitoris." (Nawal El Saadawi 170) Although El Saadawi claims there are no advantages to this operation, many people tend to disagree. One claim made by people in favor of female circumcision is that by minimizing sexual desire, a girl is more likely to stay a virgin. Studies show that by removing the clitoris, sexual desire is drastically decreased. "A married woman admitted that during intercourse with her husband she had never experienced the slightest sexual enjoyment?" El Saadawi recounts about a women who was circumcised at six years old. (172) In most customs, circumcision is a religious procedure. Many Religions practice both male and female circumcision. El Saadawi disagrees saying "If religion came from God, how it order man to cut off an organ created by Him as long as that organ is not diseased or deformed". (178) The author explains the many negative effects that can be caused by this operation, both physical and psychological. Some of these effects even led to death. Hemorrhaging is caused by deep cuts made by the daya. The daya cuts deep to maintain that none of the clitoris is left behind and no sexual pleasure can be found. There are also many inflammatory problems caused because the daya does not know of asepsis. As for short-term effects, the women will undergo severe pain for at least a few days after the operation. In an interview with El Saadawi a women recounted: "I had severe body pains, and remained in bed for several days, unable to move. The pain in my external organs led to retention of urine. Everytime I wanted to urinate the burning sensation was so bad I could not bring myself to pass Barbero 3 water?" (171) There has also been much in El Saadawi's work to prove that there is much psychological damage done, especially in the area of sexual shock. This sexual shock lead to great fridgety making it almost impossible for a woman to ever enjoy sex. Neurosis is another long-term effects of the operation. (El Saadawi 171) Egyptian women undergo such a strict upbringing that no one will object, or admit to anything related to sex. The girls are told all their lives that this operation will preserve their honor. One women recounted "It was said that a girl who did not undergo this operation was liable to be talked about by people, her behavior would become bad, and she would start running after man?" (El Saadawi 171) It has also been argued that the clitoris is unimportant to reproduction and therefore unimportant to women. "The clitoris however, is

Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus

The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ... Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ...

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions Assignment - 1

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the problem with the chalk is that it is highly porous and its structure contains excessive voids in it. Hence there is a high possibility of water transmission through chalk layers. In case the water table rises there will be no obstruction offered by chalk therefore it will reach the foundation level and eventually enter the structure; this is why we are using trench fill, as we know concrete is a compact and non porous material it will give water and damp proofing to the foundation and walls as well as structural stability as well and eventually there is very less settlement. The other reason for the trench fill foundation is the presence of clay which has expansive and swelling properties when water enters it, due to this property whenever the clay comes in interaction of water it bulges and swell hence produces an uplift pressure which results into a danger of differential and localized movement of foundation wh ich leads to stresses and instability in the structure. This problem is largely minimized with trench fill footing in which reinforced concrete component counteracts the uplift force hence no settlement is seen. Then another rationale which makes the choice of trench fill detrimental is the foundation depth restriction which is made by the chalk layer at 1m depth and as a result now we can not go to greater depths for foundations and have to select a foundation that sustains the load within this 1 m, in that case, we are left with no other solution but to select trench fill foundation. In a different part of the site, the ground conditions are very different with a soil of poor and uneven bearing capacity. This essay also explores what type of foundation should be used in this location. Now the problem in this situation is the soils weak bearing capacity and less strength to sustain loads without letting them penetrate or move. There are two solutions to this problem one is to chang e the soil in that area with a suitable soil but that is not going to be the option here. On the other hand, another solution to the problem can be to somehow to reduce the load on the soil so that it can support the structure and for that reduction in the load we are going to use a different type of foundation which would be the Mat foundation.

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship Essay

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship (GCC) - Essay Example USSR is a socialist Republic and has similar internal state policies as that of China, the policies of China closely follow that of Moscow which is then the seat of powers of the former USSR. However, in the effort to forge stronger alliances, China strived to reach out to countries like the United States and those countries surrounding the Persian Gulf. Unfortunately, talks of alliance during the meetings held in Bandung, China failed to create a strong alliance between these nations. Throughout the 1990s, there were many important changes that occur in the foreign policy of China. These changes in the Chinese foreign policies were triggered by global political changes following the collapse of Soviet Union. The collapse of the USSR heralded the end of the cold war and triggered global political changes. As the USSR ceased to be one of the world’s superpowers, the United States took on the role as â€Å"big brother† of smaller nations and took upon itself to serve and the â€Å"police and watchdog† of democracy and power. The shift in the balance of world powers ushered the changes in China’s foreign policies especially towards the countries around the Persian Gulf. Believing that the shift in world powers may eventually affect the stability of oil supply and production around the oil rich nations of the Persian Gulf, and that the slowdown in the production of oil may affect the economic activities in China, the Chinese government emba rked into the task of fostering stability in the area by advocating the resolution of conflicts in the area internally and without any foreign interventions. As the largest country around this part of the world, China has the power to influence the economic activities in this region. In the 1990s, the value of Chinese investments around this area amounted to more than 2.2 billion US dollars. This is twice the value of its investments in the region in the 1980s. Chinese importation for oil reached about $9.5 billion dollars in

An Original Research Design Plan Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

An Original Design Plan - Research Paper Example The problems arise due to factors such as sexual and substance abuse within prisons. There is a high rate in consumption of drugs by inmates in prisons, which impact negatively on their health, and in the extreme cases lead to death. Substance abuse in Austin prisons is not a new trend, and it requires maximum attention, as the effects on the inmates are severe. Prisons are places meant to rehabilitate and reform the inmates, rather than to destroy them, in one way or the other. Introduction There has been an increasing rate of substance abuse in Austin prisons. Substance abuse refers to a pattern of harmful and injurious use of drugs for mood altering purposes. In other words, it is the consumption of illicit drugs for purposes meant to interfere with the normal mental condition of an individual (Chang, 2010). Although there has been treatment for drug abusers since the 1970s, this has not changed the fact of drug abuse in prisons. Scientific research shows that this treatment can h elp many victims change their behaviors and attitudes towards drug abuse (Stover and Michels, 2010). There are various reasons associated with drug abuse in prisons. These factors stem from the relationship that exists between crime and drug abuse, which is widely known. Drug abuse is implicated in three kinds of offences related to drug. That is, offences related directly to drug abuse such as theft to get money for drugs, offences defined by drug sale or possession, and offences related to a way of life that disposes an individual (substance abuser) to engage in unlawful activities. This may take the form of associating with other lawbreakers or with illegitimate markets (Jennifer et al. 2012). Substance abuse among prisoners in Austin is very dangerous due to the many negative impacts associated with it. The negative impacts of drug abuse affect the victim both socially and psychologically. The sociological and psychological effects of substance abuse on inmates in Austin are div erse ranging from mental illnesses to contraction of other diseases. In the extreme cases, substance abuse leads to death of the drug abuser. According to William and Daniel, 2005), inmates who engage in substance abuse in prisons are at a high risk of contracting chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDs, hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases. This occurs especially when drug abusers engage in sexual behaviors influenced by drug abuse factor. The prevalence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS in prisons is very high, increasing the rate of risk of transmission. The other serious effect that substance abuse has on individuals is relapse. Relapse to drug abuse by offenders occurs especially when they are not treated, and this makes the offenders return to criminal behavior. Relapse can bring about re-arrest and re-incarceration of offenders, jeopardizing public health and taxing criminal justice system. Therefore, this does not only affect the criminal’s social life, but also imp acts on the institutions involved negatively. Most mental illnesses in prison are a result of substance and drug abuse (Hide et al. 2012). The mental psychology of substance abusers in prisons is disturbed by intoxication. This can make the individual to become insane or interfere with the logical thinking of the individual. Substance abuse can make the individual to alter his moods and change his or her attitudes and behaviors towards a particular thing. In

Lipase Producing Rhodococcus Strains Analysis

Lipase Producing Rhodococcus Strains Analysis CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview of research Malaysia has attained an outstanding position as world’s second largest palm oil producer. This remarkable quality indirectly eases high consumption of palm oil in the country. As per statistic, industrial domestic consumption has achieved 2,000 million tonnes of palm oil while, general domestic consumption reaches 3,160 million tonnes for the year 2013 (Index Mundi, 2013). Considering variable food industry scales available in the country, this ideal identity has even manifested Malaysia’s status as â€Å"Asia’s Food Paradise†. Number advantages such wide availability and consistent utilization of cooking oil throughout the nation, has indirectly resulted to startling questions on the management of used cooking oil. Coined and defined already that, lipids holds the largest portion of organic components in municipal and industrial wastewater particularly from food industries (Prasad Manjanuth, 2011). Improper management of fatty wastes on the other hand, has led to serious anthropogenic damages such as clogging pipes, congest treatment filters, odour problems, oil film formation and depleting oxygen hence, damaging aquatic livings (Fadile et al., 2011; Cipinyte et al., 2009). Therefore, removal as well as early remediation on lipid contaminant has become a great necessary due to its associated negative impacts. In regards to the necessity of improvement in biological treatment, enzymatic technology specifically lipase is gaining increasing attention. Concept of â€Å"White Biotechnology† introduces two implications on fatty acid contaminants namely concept of biodegradation and biotransformation (Dors et al., 2013; Whiteley Lee, 2006). Biological treatment on lipid contaminated sites employ microbial lipase to detoxify, solubilize fatty acids and further commence conversion into microbial biomass. Despite the nature of treatment technology, it is crucial to ensure incorporation of right microbes on right place with suitable environment conditions for degradation to occur (Ugukchokwu et al., 2008). Fascinatingly, aerobic biodegradation by active lipolytic strains was proven to be feasible with many other added advantages compared to other strategies (Cipinyte et al., 2009). On top of it, lipases also exhibit excellent feasibility in early remediation through biotransformation approach. Abundant waste fatty feedstock prior to disposal can be modified in structure by lipolytic reactions. These modifications could be applied to serve demands for numerous industrial products like pet food, cosmetics, detergents, soap, floatation reagent and handcrafts (Used cooking oil, 2011; Shimizu, 1988; Alonso et al., 2000; Emoterabear, 2013). To date, current growing industrialization projected great necessary for alternative energy fuel-source due to depleting petroleum based fuels. As an enzymatic early remediation, researchers also have introduced lipase catalysed biodiesel product in oleochemical industry (Felizardo et al., 2006). Parallel to the â€Å"Green Environment† strategy, used cooking oil are proven to be possible alternate feedstock for biodiesel production as well (Chetri Watts et al., 2008). Considering wide range of versatility of lipase as biocatalyst, this enzyme is catered for both biodegradation and biotransformation productively. However, researchers are still in search of new lipase-lipid interaction to diversify the efficiency and upgrade quality of the existing outcome. Therefore in present investigation, production of lipase enzyme from locally isolated actinomycete known as Rhodococcus sp. was investigated. Denoting minimal documentation on lipase production by this actinomycete, yet the extreme ability of the strain to degrade oil extensively draws great intuition on lipase production. 1.2 Statement of problem As an amalgamation of many races, Malaysia has established a robust position for various food cuisines especially variable deep fried dishes. Therefore, large amount of cooking oil is required in the food preparation which simultaneously yields similar portion of utilized cooking oil. Consequently, excessive increments of waste cooking oil (WCO) are being disposed to waste streams continuously which lead to many detrimental effects to the environment. Therefore, it’s absolutely necessary to apply bioremediation concept to comprehensively treat the contaminated waste sites while providing early remediation to manage the increasing abundance of fatty waste materials. In order to emphasize high occurrence of waste cooking oil production especially in Malaysia, a survey was conducted in Teluk Bahang, Pulau Pinang, a local area popularly known for food business. The outcome reveals that the community generates 40% of more than 15kg of waste cooking oil monthly as described in Figur e 1.1. Figure 1.1: Production of WCO in Teluk Bahang, Pulau Pinang, a popular food industry area in Malaysia (Hanishah et al., 2013). 1.3 Justification of problem As aforementioned, cooking oil has become a basic ingredient for food preparation in the entire world. Deep frying is recognized as traditional practice of food preparation, where the oil are left exposed repeatedly to excessive heat of 160  ºC- 190  ºC in presence of moisture and air (Kamisah et al., 2012). Additionally, people tend to be fonder of fried food due to the attractive colour, fast preparation, delicious taste and catchy presentation in dining (Cvengros Cvengrosova, 2004). As a result, waste cooking oil are extensively being generated due to food and semi product preparation by frying such as fast food networks, restaurants, dining rooms, catering establishments throughout the world (Cvengros Cvengrosova, 2004; Kulkarni Dalai, 2006). According to a report by Capital Region District, 2012, almost 1million kilograms of fat contaminants are being disposed through our home drainage every year. Review in Asia countries like Malaysia, China, Indonesia, India and Thailand on the other hand, estimates to produce waste cooking oil for 40 000 tonnes per year (Hanisah et al., 2013). Meanwhile to be detail, excessive heating of cooking oil causes chemical modification by forming toxic compounds like peroxides, aldehyde and polymer via few reactions including hydrolysis, oxidation and thermolytic (Kulkarni Dalai, 2006; Hanisha et al. 2013). In agreement to this, study by Kamisah et al. (2012) found out that repeated heating of cooking oil augmented lipid peroxidation formation in the oil which causes severe health problems to human. Malaysian’s night markets for an instance, offer variety deep fried snacks such as keropok lekor, meat balls, sausages and potato chips. Different type of fried food indeed causes different fatty acid composition and anti- oxidant properties to the frying oil (Awney, 2011, Purushothama et al., 2003; Adam et al., 2007). In case of keropok lekor, a popular snack in Malaysia, the oil is prone to autoxidation due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), therefore, the oil has been chemically modified (Kamsiah et al., 2 012). Nevertheless, if this â€Å"dead oil† been disposed to water streams or land, it indirectly causes both water pollution and land pollution. After being disposed to aquatic environment, this contaminant undergoes four natural actions namely weathering, evaporation, emulsification or biodegradation. In exceptional to biodegradation, the rest of natural actions leads to the formation of oil slick or oil film on surface of water. Meanwhile droplets of oil will be vertically distributed in water, increasing BOD and COD value besides, transforming into toxic compound due to degraded oil by-product (Hanisah et al., 2013; Understanding oil spills and oil spill response, 1999; Marjadi Dharaiya, 2010). Riskily, these cause an interaction between the oil and sediments to occur hence, affecting living of aquatic lives. Indirectly, these carcinogenic compounds can be absorbed into by marine creatures and affect human food chain (Kulkarni Dalai, 2006; Hanisah et al., 2013; Understanding o il spills and oil spill response, 1999). Figure 1.2 precisely describes natural actions encountered due to disposal of waste cooking oil into water and land. 1.4 Scope of research In regards to detrimental impacts imposed by waste cooking oil, it’s absolutely prudent to commence treatment on lipid contaminated sites and further discover feasible ways to manage the fatty waste materials. Therefore, presence research recommends remediation through biodegradation and biotransformation for an effectual management of the waste cooking oil. Lipases, being a ubiquitous biocatalyst significantly extend frontiers of applications through hydrolysis as well as esterification reactions. Favourably, waste cooking oil that has been disposed to the water streams can be potentially treated with biocatalytic action of lipase producing microorganisms. Waste cooking oil prior to disposal also can be potentially transformed into many value-added products through structure modification by the same catalyst as well. Concerning numerous microbial lipases and wide range of reactions catered by lipase enzyme, it’s essential to obtain this biocatalyst from a novel and reliable source. This will highlight new lipid-lipase interaction with better characteristics for improvement and further add intrinsic value for industrial interests adequately (Jesus et al., 1999; Glogauer et al., 2011). Considering the alarming production of waste cooking oil by local food industries and household disposal, a feasible remediation requires a promising local yet new source for lipase enzyme. Appropriately, local Rhodococcus strains, an actinomycete isolated throughout Peninsular Malaysia was not been evaluated for lipase production. Being an excellent hydrocarbon degrader, these serial of strains is expected to project excellent level of lipase secretion and further be applied into both biodegradation and biotransformation. Upon, identification of lipase production from this actinomycete, the best lipase producing strains was optimized for maximum enzyme activity. Since, this bacteria is poorly studied, the crude enzyme was subjected for electrophoresis to estimate the size protein band of the extracted enzyme. Later on, practicability of the optimized strains was applied as both whole cell biocatalyst (naturally immobilised cell) and immobilised intracellular crude. A preliminary analysis of the enzyme to biodegrade WCO and also biotransform WCO into biodiesel was evaluated also for future studies. Precisely, lipolytic actions illustrated in Figure 1.3 are the reactions evaluated in biodegradation and biotransformation of WCO by Rhodococcal lipase in this study. Figure 1.3: (a) Hydrolytic reactions displayed by lipase enzyme to solubilize fatty acids and further convert into biomass during biodegradation of WCO (Jaeger Reetz, 1998). (b) Trans-esterification reaction by lipase enzyme involving transfer of alcohol moiety to form acid alkyl ester during biotransformation in biodiesel production (Murugesan et al., 2009). 1.5 Objectives of this research The primary goal of this study is to identify and evaluate lipase producing Rhodococcus strains, as ideal source for bioremediation purposes. Following are the stages of objectives obeyed in this investigation: To screen and identify for the most potential lipase producing Rhodococcus isolates To study the optimum conditions required for maximum lipase production by identified lipolytic Rhodococcus sp. To evaluate ability of Rhodococcus lipase to degrade waste cooking oil. To investigate the ability of Rhodococcus lipase to catalyze conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. Figure 1.4: Flow chart representing designed work flow of this research.

Can Culture Be Caught or Taught Essay

A culture of an organization includes the norms, feelings, beliefs, attitudes, collective experiences, history, assumptions and values of an organization. Culture is something a new executive senses even before his first day on the job. That is, new employees are told ‘how things are around here’ by their colleagues and their team-leaders. â€Å"Caught and not taught† means you learn values or behaviors from the people that practice them, instead of by being told. You â€Å"catch† such values by seeing them lived. For example, if you were told (or â€Å"taught†) by someone, â€Å"You ought to live a certain way† (but you saw them not being a very good example of their teaching), chances are you won’t â€Å"catch† or consistently practice that value. On the other hand, if you see someone consistently living out what they believe, you might â€Å"catch† it. If their modeling of those values is powerful enough, their values c an be caught. The amount of catching and the amount of teaching is a balancing act that depends on any organizations existing culture (how entrenched it is, how far removed from the culture you need etc.), the degree of change that is required to make it happen and then the stage that you are going through. E.g. you will do more teaching in the early stages of rolling out a culture, but less when it is clear that influential people (top managers, team leaders etc.) have caught the gist of it and are out there passing it around. There is a well-known saying â€Å"You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink† Building a company culture is the aspect of strategic business planning that most employers feel is most important to their business. Companies that truly live their corporate cultures are higher performing and better places to work than companies that lack them. The 10 reasons why it’s important for a company to pay close attention to its solid corporate cult ure: 1.Generates positive public relations. Free PR creates visibility for a company. 2.Attracts ideal candidates. If the company’s corporate culture permeates everything from the way meetings are conducted to the format for the bios on the company’s Web site, candidates will know if they are a good fit. 3.Repels undesirable candidates. Without a clear corporate culture, undesirable candidates might join the company only to find months later that they do not fit in. 4.Rejects poor hires. Firing an employee is painful both financially and emotionally. Employees who are out of sync are often unproductive underperformers; they also disturb the established culture. 5.Fosters company loyalty. Employees who are a fit with the corporate culture will quickly integrate with the team and find their stride. This combination of ease and teamwork fosters employee loyalty. Loyal employees perform better, are more productive, are willing to exert extra efforts and are likely to influence others in a positive way, will spread po sitive energy throughout the office and attract top talent through word-of-mouth advertising. 6.Encourages dialogue between employees and management. A clear corporate culture opens the lines of communication for employees and employers to discuss what employees really want and what management expects of them, utilizing the right combination of coaching, knowledge and skills that focus on high performance. It communicates to employees what they need to do if they want to fit in, survive and become successful within the organization. 7.Facilitates creation of relevant benefits packages. When employers know what their employees really want, they can offer benefits that are customized to suit their employees’ needs. The benefits a company offers should be tied directly to what the employees want, making them a great recruiting and retention tool. 8.De-emphasizes the importance of cash compensation. A thriving corporate culture that fosters loyalty and provides intangible benefits to employees, such as work that is fulfilling and leaders they respect and trust, can actually reduce employee demands for higher compensation. 9.Encourages utilization of technology for productivity improvement. Leverage personalized, interoffice technologies that are customized to suit the company’s specific needs to save time, improve communication and enhance productivity. 10.Increases the efficacy of outsourcing. A solid corporate culture allows focus on the firm’s core capabilities. Hence, from the above discussion we can clearly state that solid, clear corporate culture has to be caught — not taught.