Heart of Darkness9 Essay Example For Students

Heart of Darkness9 Essay In the novel, Second Class Citizen, the main character, Adah, is a strong, Nigerianwomen who faces sexism from within her own culture since she was born. She explains,She was a girl who had arrived when everyone was expecting and predicting a boy She was so insignificant (Emecheta 7). In the Ibo culture that Adah grew up in, being agirl was looked down upon. Giving birth to a boy was a major accomplishment, whereasgiving birth to a girl was an equally major disappointment. Girls were taught to be useful,not intelligent: A year or two would do, as long as she can write her name and count. Then she will learn to sew (Emecheta 9). In Ibo culture, girls were valued for theirdomestic abilities. Adah refused to be measured by this, instead she was determined to goto school and get an education. She worked had to overcome the sexist attitude that herThis sexist attitude continued after she got married to Francis. Francis is a typicalIbo male. He held the view that the males should go and get educated and the femaleshould stay home, or in Francis case, work to support his education. Adah knew hisattitude, The sharpness seemed to say to her: It is allowed for African males to comeand get civilsed in England. But that privileged has not been extended to females yet(Emecheta 36). Francis is a pure reflection of the values held by the Ibos. All Franciswanted from Adah was money, to pay for his education, and sex: As far as he wasconcerned marriage was sex and lots of it, nothing more (Emecheta 41). To Francis,Adah was a sexual object. As far as he was concerned, her feelings did nt matter, she wasnot a real person. Adah knew she was up against the enemy when she challenged Francis,but she was able to rise about he sexism and leave Francis. Not only does she go againsther own culture, but she wants her children to reject the sexist attitude as well: My sonswill learn to treat their wives as people (Emecheta 121). Adah is a strong women whowill not let herself be objectified and will not let the sexism of her culture keep herdown. Adah would dislike the way that women are portrayed in Joseph Conrads Heart ofDarkness because women are treated as though they do not belong in the real world. Women are treated as objects instead of people with thoughts and feelings. It is thistreatment that Adah worked hard to overcome. In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Marlow, the narrator of most of the story,tell the story of his journey into the Congo searching for the lost ivory trader, Mr. Kurtz. Throughout Marlows journey, he encounters different types of women. In his encounterswith his Aunt, the African women, and Mr. Kurtzs intended fiancee, Marlow shows hisdemeaning and sexist view of women. Marlow objectifies women depending on theirrace. The white European females are looked upon as domestic beings who should tendonly to their home worlds, while the only African women is portrayed as a sexual object. It is this objectivity that causes Marlow to never reveal the truth about Mr. Kurtzs lifeThe first woman that we meet is Marlows aunt. She is the one paying for his tripto the Congo, yet Marlow does not respect her views. Marlow says, She talked aboutweaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways, till, upon my word, she mademe quite uncomfortable Its queer how out of touch with women are (Conrad 11). Inessence, Marlow is saying that women are out of touch with reality, even though it isclear that his Aunts views about Africans reflect the popular view of the time. That viewbeing to Christianize Africa and get rid of their traditional culture. This view was held bythe likes of Rudyard Kipling, Leoplod II and other prominent men of the time. Marlowdoes not recognizes his Aunts views simply because she is a women and he doesntthink women belong in the real world. He says, They women live in a world of theirown, and there had never been anything like it, and never can be (Conrad 11). Marlowexpresses the fact that women live in sort of a alternate universe, that is that they are outof touch with reality. Because of this, women have no place in the workings of society,that being in politics or social issues. Therefore, his Aunt is good enough to fundMarlows trip, but her usefulness stops with the money. She is treated as a money treeinstead of an individual with thoughts and views of her own. .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .postImageUrl , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:visited , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:active { border:0!important; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:active , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Polonius' Observations on Hamlet's Madness EssayThe only African women introduced in the novel is Kurtzs house maid. She islooked upon as a different sort of object, she is the object of sexual desire. She isdescribed with animalistic qualities by Marlow: She walked with measured steps,draped in striped and fringed clothes, treading the earth proudly, with a slight jingle andflash of barbarous ornaments (Conrad 55). This description gives the image of a viciouscat walking across the ground with measured steps.. treading the earth. She is notphysically described with human qualities, but as more of an exotic beast-like creature. She also stirs up desire in Marlows heart, as he describes her presence: The colossalbody of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, as though it hadbeen looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul (Conrad 56). Herpresence gives rise to the passion in Marlows soul as well. It is her mysterious qualitythat is so attractive. She is not viewed as a human, but as an object of sexual desirebecause she is exotic and mysterious. Marlow recalls the man of patches saying, If shehad offered to come aboard I really think I would have tried to shoot her (Conrad 56 ). The fact that these men would be so quick to kill her shows that they dont view her as ahuman because they would never be so quick to kill a white women. Her sexuality isthreatening to the men, and it allows them to look at her as an object instead of a humanThe last women that Marlow encounters is Kurtzs intended fiancee, who issimply referred to as the Intended. She is first mentioned in Kurtzs jabbering. He says,Oh she is out of it- completely. They- the women I mean- are out of it- should be out ofit (Conrad 44). Kurtz is saying that women are out of touch with the real world. Theyare not aware of what goes on outside their own world, and that is the way it should be. Women should not think about what goes on in the world. Kurtz tells Marlow, We musthelp them to stay in that beautiful world of their own, lest ours gets worst (Conrad 44). In essence, Kurtz is instructing Marlow to keep his Intended in the dark about what isreally going on in the Congo. The womens world is one that is ignorant to the harshrealities of life , such as the mad man that Kurtz has become. Kurtz does not want hisIntended to know what he has become because he might lose her and that would be likelosing a possession to him. Kurtz exclaims, My Intended, my ivory, my station, myriver, my-, everything belonged to him (Conrad 44). Kurtzs Intended is grouped withhis other possessions like ivory and his station. He sees her as a belonging instead of aIt is the objectification of Kurtzs Intended that in the end stops Marlow fromtelling the truth about Kurtzs death. With Kutrzs Intended in mourning, Marlow tellsher, The last word he pronounced was- your name (Conrad 71). Marlow knowsKurtzs true last words, which were The horror! The horror! (Conrad 64), but hecould not bring himself to tell her the truth. By telling her Kurtzs true last words,Marlow w ould have place her into the real world and she would have had to face thoserealities. By keeping her in the dark, Marlow leaves her in her fantasy world where shewill never realize she is more that someones possession, she is an individual. Through the objectification of women in the Heart of Darkness, the true nature ofimperialism as displayed in Kurtz is never revealed to the world. Just as Marlow will notrecognize the views of women as individuals, the world will never recognize the trueBibliography:

Personal Theory of Counseling

Introduction Many scholars have come up with various theories that try to explain the nature of human behavior and the factors that cause the differences in the same. However, there are some discrepancies in these theories and as such individuals continue to develop new theories everyday. This has brought about the emergence of personal theory, which is often used in counseling in an attempt to bridge the gap and discrepancies created.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Theory of Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is worth noting that the theories have some common understanding or interrelated stand when it comes to critical factors of human nature. From these, we can deduce and come up with a precise and thorough understanding of the basic view of human nature, changes of behavior and therapy. My Basic View of Human Nature The human nature can be best described by the distinguishing tr aits among individuals. These traits include how an individual thinks, feels and acts. These naturally occurring traits constitute the human nature. Therefore, the human nature exhibits some uniformity that is accompanied by feeling. This is what makes individuals be referred to as human. The human nature is usually composed of dynamic and transforming events, which are brought about by the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind (Miller, 2002). The three works together in unity to constitute the human nature, this is why it is very difficult to precisely describe an individual’s nature since these components are not automatically visible at once. It is also important to know that the human nature comprises of the intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and vocational needs, which must work together in a unified synchronization since the neglect of one will greatly reduce the ability of an individual to withstand adverse effects of life. But, if these factors are wel l coordinated and monitored, it is possible to control the well-being of a person both in the short term and long term. The Key Factors that Account for the Changes of Behavior Human behavior is affected by a wide array of factors. Among these factors that cause behavior change is the social influence. The social influence has a key role in a change of behavior. It has been proven that our interactions, be it with friends, coworkers and families affect greatly how we behave and sometimes even how decisions are made. An individual cannot exist as a sole entity, thus he or she must interact a lot with people, as a result of this interaction, and individuals often change their behavior by either copying or imitating what others do. It is surprising to note that this can happen even within a very short period of time. People can change their priorities, value systems and believes based on their interactions.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental factors also greatly affect behavior change. Individuals have little or no control to environmental factors, which end up influencing their behavior a lot. Therefore, it is impossible to address a behavioral problem based on personal factors alone. People from the same environment tend to have interrelated behavior and this has to be known when one is addressing certain behavior change. Attitudes account greatly for behavior change since changes of behavior first emanate from the attitudes that individuals possess (Chiari, 2009). Attitudes will define the associated beliefs and evaluations towards things. Therefore, to have control of behavior, one only needs to activate an emotion or an effective attitude. Thus, change of attitude is a key component for the behavior change. Compliance is the change of behavior as a result of consequences. For, example an individual’s strives to avoid punishment or c hanging behavior with hope of getting a reward. Here, there has to be some driving force behind an individual so as to respond in the required way. Nature of the Therapist-Client Relationship Therapist-client relationship sometimes can be very tight. At times, it is very difficult for the counselors or clients to ‘let go’ of the relationship. This is brought about by the fact that clients often feel comfortable when they are with the therapist since they believe he or she is the only one who can solve their problem, and a strong love usually develops from this relationship and the client, if well attended to the first time will need more counseling services from the therapist. Therapist-client relationship is also strengthened by the fact that counselors would like to know that they have really taken care of their clients over a significant period of time. This may force them to follow on the clients just to ensure that he or she is very okay (Duval Beres, 2011). Well, it is true that the therapists find certain clients are pleasure to work with and they often feel attached to their customers as a result of the relationship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Theory of Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, many professional acquaintances do not support therapist-client relationship outside professional setting because this is feared that it might violate professional ethics, thus jeopardizing the whole process. Therefore, it is important that despite the therapist-client relationship being very strong, the therapist must learn to let go and become unnecessary to the client once the business is done. The therapist-client relationship in solution finding majorly focuses on factors surrounding one’s life. The two parties must work together in an attempt to find a solution. This is because a therapist will not fully understand some aspects of a person’s behavior unless he is told by the client. Therefore, it is important for the client to give his past and present accomplishments. Then, these are used by the therapist to provide and address both the present and future occurrences/challenges. The centre stage here is the fact that the client must understand and develop positive reasoning, which is sometimes referred to as the learned optimism (Winter, 1994). Key Functions and Role of the Therapist The key functions of the therapist are to ensure that he or she provides growth-promoting environment for the clients. When this is effectively done, the client will be at ease to grow and discover him fully. He can then develop as he or she wants. A therapist must also exercise the role of ensuring that he impacts or convinces the client on the way forward. Therefore, he should ensure that the client actively listens, understands and accepts himself. There should be genuineness and acceptance in the whole process. A ther apist also has a role of ensuring an individual precisely understands his identity and as such know how to establish meaningful relationship with the people around him. This way, a lot of problems and conflicts will be greatly reduced and relationships nurtured. Key Goals of a Therapy Different types of therapy have various goals, but the general focus of a therapy that applies to all include the restructuralization, a therapy seeks to expand the most flexible ways of finding alternative ways of dealing with problems. For example, when there are disagreements in a family set up, a therapist will assist in ensuring each partner deals with one another in a way that they will cope well and endure whatever comes their way.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therapy also seeks to create awareness of oneself and their environment. If individuals do not fully understand themselves, they are subject to disagreements, conflicts and as such are prone to stress and other minor challenges. Therapy gives the solution to this; through education on ones own understanding, appreciation and acceptance. Though, people can perceive things differently, they can also change their ways of thinking, modify behavior and view the same situations in a new perspective. The goal of therapy is to ensure that this is induced into an individual’s mind so as to convince him or her that this is possible. Therapy also has a goal of ensuring that individuals understand the world and know how our behavior regarding how we feel, act, think, and relate. In fact all these can be addressed and help us live in a better way. This will in turn help people to look for their reasons for living and develop positive attitudes as they grow up. Another goal of therapy is t o serve the purpose of assisting individuals deal with stress and conflicts in an easy and manageable way. When individuals or clients who undergo such circumstances are attended to and monitored for a period of time and it is realized that they have achieved self-sufficiency that they can sustain the changes made in place without necessarily needing any further support of a therapist, then the therapy is deemed successful and it comes to an end. References Chiari, G. (2009). Advancing Theory in Therapy. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers. Duval, J. Beres, L. (2011). Innovations in Narrative Therapy: Connecting Practice, Training, and Research. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company. Miller, G. (2002). Incorporating Spirituality in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory and Technique. Oxford, Wiley publishers. Winter, D. (1994). Personal Construct Psychology in Clinical Practice: Theory, Research and Applications. New York, NY: Routledge. This research paper on Personal Theory of Counseling was written and submitted by user D'KenNeraman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Female Circumcision Essays - Religion And Children, Feminism

Female Circumcision Lou Barbero Barbero 1 Professor Garber Hm 46 March 5th The Argument against Female Circumcision Female circumcision is an operation done in many of the Arab countries and is an example of how woman change their bodies in order to conform to society. There are many aspects to this practice such as medical, religious and psychological. Very few people in these countries will ever say anything on the matter, even if they object. Speaking of issues regarding women and sex in these countries is a taboo. One woman, Nawal El Saadawi, a medical doctor who later became Egypt's Director of Public Health was brave enough to come forward. The fact that she did ultimately lead to dismissal from her position and actual imprisonment. Her writings are forbidden from many of the Arab countries that practice female circumcision. In a selection from The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World (1980), she explains her argument against female circumcision and retells some interviews she had with women who underwent the operation. El Saadawi goes into detail telling about the procedure that the girls underwent in her culture, usually around the age of seven or eight. The local midwife called the daya, would show up to perform the operation. In most cases two women members of the family would hold the girl by her thighs to expose her genitals and to prevent struggling. Then the daya would proceed to cut of the clitoris of the girl with a sharp razor. One of the women El Saadawi interviewed explained "the daya sat between these two women, Barbero 2 holding a sharp razor in her hand which she used to cut off the clitoris." (Nawal El Saadawi 170) Although El Saadawi claims there are no advantages to this operation, many people tend to disagree. One claim made by people in favor of female circumcision is that by minimizing sexual desire, a girl is more likely to stay a virgin. Studies show that by removing the clitoris, sexual desire is drastically decreased. "A married woman admitted that during intercourse with her husband she had never experienced the slightest sexual enjoyment?" El Saadawi recounts about a women who was circumcised at six years old. (172) In most customs, circumcision is a religious procedure. Many Religions practice both male and female circumcision. El Saadawi disagrees saying "If religion came from God, how it order man to cut off an organ created by Him as long as that organ is not diseased or deformed". (178) The author explains the many negative effects that can be caused by this operation, both physical and psychological. Some of these effects even led to death. Hemorrhaging is caused by deep cuts made by the daya. The daya cuts deep to maintain that none of the clitoris is left behind and no sexual pleasure can be found. There are also many inflammatory problems caused because the daya does not know of asepsis. As for short-term effects, the women will undergo severe pain for at least a few days after the operation. In an interview with El Saadawi a women recounted: "I had severe body pains, and remained in bed for several days, unable to move. The pain in my external organs led to retention of urine. Everytime I wanted to urinate the burning sensation was so bad I could not bring myself to pass Barbero 3 water?" (171) There has also been much in El Saadawi's work to prove that there is much psychological damage done, especially in the area of sexual shock. This sexual shock lead to great fridgety making it almost impossible for a woman to ever enjoy sex. Neurosis is another long-term effects of the operation. (El Saadawi 171) Egyptian women undergo such a strict upbringing that no one will object, or admit to anything related to sex. The girls are told all their lives that this operation will preserve their honor. One women recounted "It was said that a girl who did not undergo this operation was liable to be talked about by people, her behavior would become bad, and she would start running after man?" (El Saadawi 171) It has also been argued that the clitoris is unimportant to reproduction and therefore unimportant to women. "The clitoris however, is

Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus

The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ... Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ...

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions Assignment - 1

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the problem with the chalk is that it is highly porous and its structure contains excessive voids in it. Hence there is a high possibility of water transmission through chalk layers. In case the water table rises there will be no obstruction offered by chalk therefore it will reach the foundation level and eventually enter the structure; this is why we are using trench fill, as we know concrete is a compact and non porous material it will give water and damp proofing to the foundation and walls as well as structural stability as well and eventually there is very less settlement. The other reason for the trench fill foundation is the presence of clay which has expansive and swelling properties when water enters it, due to this property whenever the clay comes in interaction of water it bulges and swell hence produces an uplift pressure which results into a danger of differential and localized movement of foundation wh ich leads to stresses and instability in the structure. This problem is largely minimized with trench fill footing in which reinforced concrete component counteracts the uplift force hence no settlement is seen. Then another rationale which makes the choice of trench fill detrimental is the foundation depth restriction which is made by the chalk layer at 1m depth and as a result now we can not go to greater depths for foundations and have to select a foundation that sustains the load within this 1 m, in that case, we are left with no other solution but to select trench fill foundation. In a different part of the site, the ground conditions are very different with a soil of poor and uneven bearing capacity. This essay also explores what type of foundation should be used in this location. Now the problem in this situation is the soils weak bearing capacity and less strength to sustain loads without letting them penetrate or move. There are two solutions to this problem one is to chang e the soil in that area with a suitable soil but that is not going to be the option here. On the other hand, another solution to the problem can be to somehow to reduce the load on the soil so that it can support the structure and for that reduction in the load we are going to use a different type of foundation which would be the Mat foundation.

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship Essay

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship (GCC) - Essay Example USSR is a socialist Republic and has similar internal state policies as that of China, the policies of China closely follow that of Moscow which is then the seat of powers of the former USSR. However, in the effort to forge stronger alliances, China strived to reach out to countries like the United States and those countries surrounding the Persian Gulf. Unfortunately, talks of alliance during the meetings held in Bandung, China failed to create a strong alliance between these nations. Throughout the 1990s, there were many important changes that occur in the foreign policy of China. These changes in the Chinese foreign policies were triggered by global political changes following the collapse of Soviet Union. The collapse of the USSR heralded the end of the cold war and triggered global political changes. As the USSR ceased to be one of the world’s superpowers, the United States took on the role as â€Å"big brother† of smaller nations and took upon itself to serve and the â€Å"police and watchdog† of democracy and power. The shift in the balance of world powers ushered the changes in China’s foreign policies especially towards the countries around the Persian Gulf. Believing that the shift in world powers may eventually affect the stability of oil supply and production around the oil rich nations of the Persian Gulf, and that the slowdown in the production of oil may affect the economic activities in China, the Chinese government emba rked into the task of fostering stability in the area by advocating the resolution of conflicts in the area internally and without any foreign interventions. As the largest country around this part of the world, China has the power to influence the economic activities in this region. In the 1990s, the value of Chinese investments around this area amounted to more than 2.2 billion US dollars. This is twice the value of its investments in the region in the 1980s. Chinese importation for oil reached about $9.5 billion dollars in

An Original Research Design Plan Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

An Original Design Plan - Research Paper Example The problems arise due to factors such as sexual and substance abuse within prisons. There is a high rate in consumption of drugs by inmates in prisons, which impact negatively on their health, and in the extreme cases lead to death. Substance abuse in Austin prisons is not a new trend, and it requires maximum attention, as the effects on the inmates are severe. Prisons are places meant to rehabilitate and reform the inmates, rather than to destroy them, in one way or the other. Introduction There has been an increasing rate of substance abuse in Austin prisons. Substance abuse refers to a pattern of harmful and injurious use of drugs for mood altering purposes. In other words, it is the consumption of illicit drugs for purposes meant to interfere with the normal mental condition of an individual (Chang, 2010). Although there has been treatment for drug abusers since the 1970s, this has not changed the fact of drug abuse in prisons. Scientific research shows that this treatment can h elp many victims change their behaviors and attitudes towards drug abuse (Stover and Michels, 2010). There are various reasons associated with drug abuse in prisons. These factors stem from the relationship that exists between crime and drug abuse, which is widely known. Drug abuse is implicated in three kinds of offences related to drug. That is, offences related directly to drug abuse such as theft to get money for drugs, offences defined by drug sale or possession, and offences related to a way of life that disposes an individual (substance abuser) to engage in unlawful activities. This may take the form of associating with other lawbreakers or with illegitimate markets (Jennifer et al. 2012). Substance abuse among prisoners in Austin is very dangerous due to the many negative impacts associated with it. The negative impacts of drug abuse affect the victim both socially and psychologically. The sociological and psychological effects of substance abuse on inmates in Austin are div erse ranging from mental illnesses to contraction of other diseases. In the extreme cases, substance abuse leads to death of the drug abuser. According to William and Daniel, 2005), inmates who engage in substance abuse in prisons are at a high risk of contracting chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDs, hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases. This occurs especially when drug abusers engage in sexual behaviors influenced by drug abuse factor. The prevalence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS in prisons is very high, increasing the rate of risk of transmission. The other serious effect that substance abuse has on individuals is relapse. Relapse to drug abuse by offenders occurs especially when they are not treated, and this makes the offenders return to criminal behavior. Relapse can bring about re-arrest and re-incarceration of offenders, jeopardizing public health and taxing criminal justice system. Therefore, this does not only affect the criminal’s social life, but also imp acts on the institutions involved negatively. Most mental illnesses in prison are a result of substance and drug abuse (Hide et al. 2012). The mental psychology of substance abusers in prisons is disturbed by intoxication. This can make the individual to become insane or interfere with the logical thinking of the individual. Substance abuse can make the individual to alter his moods and change his or her attitudes and behaviors towards a particular thing. In