Organizational Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Structure - Research Paper Example As the discussion stresses Position Analysis and Questionnaire (PAQ) is considered to be a sophisticated and straightforwardly applied technique in the process of job analysis. It entails a standard form, which requires approximately two hours to be filled; in fact, it is easily scored due to its applicability to a broad variety of jobs. One of the PAQ’s significance involves its contribution to job analysis process, whereby it enables analysis based on 187 job elements. In this case, these elements involve worker-oriented nature, whereby they are characterized to imply human behaviors, which are involved in various jobs.         Ã‚  From this essay it is clear that  Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) is designed in a way that gathers detailed information regarding duties and responsibilities of the position that exists in the organization; this aspect can be utilized for redesigning customer service job to increase efficiency and improve quality, since HRM have can set standards for desired capacity of applicants based on information gathered through PAQ. On the other hand, this information facilitates establishment or revising of position description in order to facilitate redesigning process of customer service job. In addition, information gathered through PAQ facilitates evaluation of position for relevant classification to ensure that human resource managers have a consistent approach in the redesigning process.  ... Therefore, elements of job analysis facilitate setting of foundation for training needs and the process of learning (Heron, 2005). 2. Importance of Position Analysis and Questionnaire (PAQ) and two ways it can be used for redesign customer service job to increase efficiency and improve quality. Position Analysis and Questionnaire (PAQ) is considered to be a sophisticated and straightforwardly applied technique in the process of job analysis. It entails a standard form, which requires approximately two hours to be filled; in fact, it is easily scored due to its applicability to a broad variety of jobs. One of the PAQ’s significance involves its contribution to job analysis process, whereby it enables analysis based on 187 job elements (Brannick & Levine, 2002). In this case, these elements involve worker-oriented nature, whereby they are characterized to imply human behaviors, which are involved in various jobs. Firstly, Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) is designed in a wa y that gathers detailed information regarding duties and responsibilities of the position that exists in the organization; this aspect can be utilized for redesigning customer service job to increase efficiency and improve quality, since HRM have can set standards for desired capacity of applicants based on information gathered through PAQ. On the other hand, this information facilitates establishment or revising of position description in order to facilitate redesigning process of customer service job. In addition, information gathered through PAQ facilitates evaluation of position for relevant classification to ensure that human resource managers have a consistent approach in the redesigning process.

Gender Differences in Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gender Differences in Intelligence - Essay Example Therefore, these theoretical orientations emphasize that over time, different sets of conditions may influence the changes in children's behaviour in different stages of development (Piaget, 1952). Both the maturational and psychoanalytic theories highlight the influence of these internal variables in development of intellectual acumen and behaviour of children in relation to age. From that perspective, early childhood development can be considered to be expression of inborn predispositions primarily, which is an invariant innate process. According to these theories, a child's learning and intellectual development proceed according to a prefixed biologically dictated plan, which could have been determined by the specifics of genetics at the moment of conception. Therefore individual variations in intelligence and cognitive abilities can be reflections of differences in genetic traits. These theories which emphasize the dominant and determining role of innate and internal biological f actors as primary driving forces of early development can be categorized traditionally as nature side of developmental explanations. There is, however, considerable similarity among young children in the early part of their development when learning and education begin. These are best understood by maturational theories. It can be argued that if changes in children's behaviours and intelligence are conceived to be originating from inborn traits primarily, the role of adults would be to just provide appropriate conditions based on appropriate interpretations (Alloway, 1997). However, theories of education in early childhood are based on the belief that parenting and teaching can have considerable impact on the course of young children's development, both educational and intellectual (Jones Diaz and Robinson, 2000). Gender is a significantly important equity issue to be addressed with young children's' development and has consequently been incorporated into educational programmes in early childhood. Over time, research in this area has increased understanding and awareness of the ways gender operating in young children's lives, at least in the early phase of development. Years over, researchers have proposed that spatial and mathematical abilities domains point at gender differences in cognitive abilities since they were known to yield marked differences favouring the males (Ingraham, 1994). Other studies have revealed that throughout elementary school, girls clock better grades in mathematics and other subjects in comparison to the boys. Some researchers have shown that boys' advantage in mathematics is not prominent until secondary school. Current research throwing a close look at children's performance on specific intelligence and cognitive ability test items reveals that both genders are equ al in basic knowledge in mathematics with girls doing better in skills of computation. Despite controversies, boys' advantage appears in reasoning involving geometry and complex word problems. If mathematics or being good at mathematics is a measure of intelligence in early childhood, therefore, girls are no less than the boys (Katz, 1982). In comparison to past paradigms, there have been major