The Causes And Fall Of The Han And The Roman Empire

Throughout history, there were various empires which developed into great, powerful forces. These empires expanded their lands to new places but, these empires ultimately came to an end. Amongst these great empires, were the Han and the Roman empire. Both were great in power but, due to political, social, and economic causes, they came to an end. Although they do partake in the equal shares of corruption and problems with the military, they also had fair shares of differences, regarding their declines. For example, the Han empire had decentralization and rebellion while Rome had shifted in interests and developed war issues. These differences and similarities are bits of history which help to comprehend why these empires are no longer†¦show more content†¦But, they were incapable of doing this so, they ended up getting murdered so that the eunuch power and influence could remain in the empire (Zhi). But, besides corruption and military issues, there was also the problem of h igh taxes. In the Roman empire â€Å"heavier and heavier taxes were required to support the vast government bureaucracy and huge military establishment† (Ellis and Ester, 151) while the Han empire was â€Å"burdened by heavy taxes and crushing debt† (Ellis and Ester, 96). This problem led to the downfall because high taxes increased the chances of rebellion, which actually occurred in the Han empire. The corruption, military issues and taxes were both major aspects which contributed to the downfalls of the empires and they did so, by causing uncertainty in power an unstable support system, and increasing chances of rebellion. Besides these similarities, the two empires also had several differences in terms of what had contributed to their downfalls. For one, the Han Dynasty had decentralization transpire and a rebellion. The Han Dynasty had decentralization occur because the power shifted from the central government to warlords which befell after a reform had taken over the empire. â€Å"After the reform, governors were granted executive authority over the province, Therefore, the governors not only had power over the civil decisions of the province, but they also became the military leaders† (Zhi). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Imperial Collapse Of Rome And Greece1725 Words   |  7 PagesDecline and fall of the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations was a result of population decrease, weak government, a frail economy, and invasion. The causes of the imperial collapse in Rome and Greece(The Mediterranean region)with the causes of imperial collapse in the East Asia during the period 6 00 BCE toward 600 CE has had an remarkable achievements but those same achievements have caused them into decline. A combination of these causes sparked the slow decline of these once great empires.. . Read MoreCompare And Contrast The Rise And Fall Of The Han Dynasty877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hans and The Romans were two of the strongest civilizations in the history of the world. Although they were very strong, they still had to fall eventually. The fall of the Han Dynasty happened around 220 CE, whereas The Roman Empire’s fall happened around 476 CE. These civilizations both went through times of peace throughout their reigns that allowed them to strive. The Han Dynasty’s time of peace was called The Golden Age, and it lasted much longer than Rome’s, which was called Pax Romana.Read MoreCompare and Contrast Han China and Rome Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesEmpires on their outside may seem very different and unique. However, when you get down to their fundamentals, you begin to truly realize how similar they are. Just as the imposing pine tree and humble tomato plant may seem vastly different, their start from a lowly seed and craving for water and sunligh t to survive unifies them. Such is also true with the Han and Roman empires. While key differences may be present, their social structures, influencing religions, and causes of collapse unify themRead MoreROMAN EMPIRE AND THE HAN DYNASTY IN CHINA1441 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE HAN DYNASTY IN CHINA Rodrick Carter HIEU 201 Liberty University 29 November 2014 Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty in China The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty in China are two kingdoms that, despite the geographical difference between them, managed to achieve great success and failure in equal measure. Both were characterized by imperial dynasties that were headed by the emperors and they held large territories. Both of these kingdoms faced various challenges afterRead MoreSimilarities Between Rome And Han China731 Words   |  3 Pagesimperial expansion and consolidation. Two of the most powerful and prominent empires during this time period were the Roman Empire and Han China. While on opposite sides of the world, both experienced a common over-expansion of empires and states, coupled with accompanying instability in government and external threats by rival states or so-called barbarian peoples. During the Classical period, power was defined by land, so empires and states focused on accumulating and controlling as much land as possibleRead MoreThe Rise of Four Empires in 300 B.C. to 200 B.C. Essay922 Wor ds   |  4 PagesThe great empires that flourished between 300 B.C.E and 200 B.C.E. can all be broken down into the four factors the contributed to their rise. Although each empire faced prolonged periods of conflict, all four empires succeeded in imposing unity and order among the people. The rise of these empires can be attributed to four specific factors crucial to their construction. The factors crucial to the rise of the great empires included having a centralized form of leadership with enforced uniform legalRead MoreThe Han and Roman Empires: A Test in Longevity Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of the empires of Afro-Eurasia ebb and flow like an ocean tide; its waves representing the degrees of dissension; its over bearing water levels claiming the dry shore in its path, claiming the sands as its people. Such is never permanent, soon the tides will recede and the sand will be claimed by yet, another tide; to repeat this process yet again. Two empires in Afro-Eur asia, born in the final years before the common era; defied those that came before in their ability to maintain theirRead MoreEssay on Cross Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Road Networks1643 Words   |  7 PagesSilk was an important item that was traded and began during the Han Dynasty. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes and the first marketplace that allowed people to spread beliefs and cultural ideas across Europe and Asia. Merchants and traders of many countries traveled technologies, diseases and religion on the Silk Road; connecting the West and East. They also imported horses, grapes, medicine products, stones, etc. and deported apricots, pottery and spices. The interaction of these differentRead MoreThe Han Dynasty And The Roman Empire2038 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction a. Thesis: Addresses issues or themes to be compared. TAKE A POSITION!!!(1 point) Unlike he classical age Han Dynasty that was destroyed by rebellions of the poor, the classical age Roman Empire’s overreliance on slaves and a divided empire left them with no loyal citizens to extricate them from collapse. However, while the pair differs in their downfalls, both the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty collapsed due to bad leadership driven by greed for power and land that caused them to overextend theirRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire846 Words   |  4 PagesTake Home Essay Final Fall 2014 A1. For an empire that lasted nearly 500 years, the fall of the Roman Empire was influenced by various different events. Four troubled ingredientes lead to the demise of the the greatest empire of all time; politics, money, social, and war. It is important to note that the fall of the Roman Empire does not mean that the romans lost everything, it is just a reference to the fall of the western roman empire. One of the causes of the fall of the west was that of

The Irony Of The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe

The Irony in The Cask of Amontillado â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe is a story full of irony. Irony is defined as a literary technique in which what appears differs radically from what is actually the case. In addition, irony can be divided into three groups: dramatic, verbal, and situational. Dramatic irony is when the readers notice something before the characters do. Verbal irony is when the characters say something that differs significantly from what they really mean. Situational irony is when the actual result is different from what was initially expected. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Poe combines all of these ironies to tell the story and to construct the personalities of the characters in an entertaining way. Dramatic irony can be seen in Poe’s work in many ways. First, the name â€Å"Fortunato† (deriving from fortune in English) is a clear example of irony, since the character appears to have everything except fortune. He is heading to his death from the beginning of the story. Professor Nevi, from the Department of English in Oregon, referred to Fortunato’s name when he says, â€Å"Although it would help, a student don’t need be versed in a foreign languages to notice that Fortunato’s name is ironic. He is definitively not the fortune one †(Nevi 462). In this statement, Professor Nevi is clearly affirming how easily it is to determine that Fortunato’s name represent an irony. Furthermore, the way that Poe describes Fortunate as dressed like a court jesterShow MoreRelatedIrony in The Cask of Amontillado, a Story by Edgar Allan Poe756 Words   |  3 Pageshis short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allan Poe tells a tale of murder through the protagonist of the story, Montresor. He is recalling the event years after it happened. Fortunato, the man who gave Montresor a â€Å"thousand injuries . . . [and] ventured upon insult† is walled up in Montresor’s wine cellar. The details of the injuries and insult are never disclosed to the reader, all that is known is that the narrator—Montresor—is angered to the point of homicide. Irony is the key factor inRead MoreIrony And Imagery Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1891 Words   |  8 PagesIrony and Imagery in Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe is best known for dark short stories and poems. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† begins with Montresor, the narrator, vowing revenge on Fortunato for insulting him. Montresor crafts an intricate plan with two criteria: Montresor cannot get caught in his pursuit of revenge and Fortunato must understand why Montresor is seeking revenge upon him. One evening, Montresor tells Fortunato that he has a Spanish sherry and wonders if it is trulyRead MoreMontresors Unsuccessful Revenge: Subtle Irony in Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe1954 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary career, Edgar Allan Poe applied irony to his stories. By doing this, his disturbing and odd tales became stories of mental and psychological twists and terror that trouble readers. Poe uses irony in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† to increase mental tension by making the murderer in the story confess the crime that he so carefully planned. The man goes mad by fault of his own conscious and if he had not confessed, the murder would have been a success. Just as in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, Poe utilizesRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIt is not at all surprising that so many of Edgar Allan Poe’s works explore such themes as death, eyes, the power of the dead over the power of the living, retribution, the human conscience, and especially death and murder. From his disturbingly morbid short story â€Å"The Telltale Heart† to the mysteriously supernatural poem â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s tales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s piecesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 PagesPoe’s Irony To develop the analytical paper about the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: IronyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes The Cask of the Amontillado Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesSomething Unexpected Poe has written a several different stories relating to being buried alive, â€Å"The Premature Burial† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† being the most popular. Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"was one of the seminal American poets and short story writers of the nineteenth century† he was an influencer for writers like Charles Baudelaire and Jules Verne. Poe lost both of his parents as a child and was raised with a foster family and lost his foster mom early, too. He lost many of his loved onesRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreTheme Of Young Goodman Brown And The Cask Of Amontillado970 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe compliment and counteract this goal in their works â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, respectively, is with irony. Their masterful use of irony engages the reader in the work and invites them to consider the story and the characters’ intentions. The irony presented in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edg ar Allan Poe allows us to understand the emotions of the characters and the mood of the work, however, Poe utilizesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 945 Words   |  4 Pages2014 Revenge and Irony A friendship is based on trust, but do we truly know anyone in the way we think? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, a man named Fortunato is about to find out what kind of ‘friend’ Montresor really is. Montresor shows himself to be friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. In different ways, both of these men are proud and appear upper class, yet both have faults which will be there undoing. Edgar Allan Poe uses languageRead MoreThe Theme of Revenge in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a frightening and entertaining short story about the severe consequences that result from persistent mockery and an unforgiving heart. Poe’s excellent use of Gothicism within the story sets the perfect tone for a dark and sinister plot of murder to unfold. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† simply overflows with various themes and other literary elements that result from Poe’s Gothic style of writing. Of these various themes, one that tends to dominant the story

Heart of Darkness9 Essay Example For Students

Heart of Darkness9 Essay In the novel, Second Class Citizen, the main character, Adah, is a strong, Nigerianwomen who faces sexism from within her own culture since she was born. She explains,She was a girl who had arrived when everyone was expecting and predicting a boy She was so insignificant (Emecheta 7). In the Ibo culture that Adah grew up in, being agirl was looked down upon. Giving birth to a boy was a major accomplishment, whereasgiving birth to a girl was an equally major disappointment. Girls were taught to be useful,not intelligent: A year or two would do, as long as she can write her name and count. Then she will learn to sew (Emecheta 9). In Ibo culture, girls were valued for theirdomestic abilities. Adah refused to be measured by this, instead she was determined to goto school and get an education. She worked had to overcome the sexist attitude that herThis sexist attitude continued after she got married to Francis. Francis is a typicalIbo male. He held the view that the males should go and get educated and the femaleshould stay home, or in Francis case, work to support his education. Adah knew hisattitude, The sharpness seemed to say to her: It is allowed for African males to comeand get civilsed in England. But that privileged has not been extended to females yet(Emecheta 36). Francis is a pure reflection of the values held by the Ibos. All Franciswanted from Adah was money, to pay for his education, and sex: As far as he wasconcerned marriage was sex and lots of it, nothing more (Emecheta 41). To Francis,Adah was a sexual object. As far as he was concerned, her feelings did nt matter, she wasnot a real person. Adah knew she was up against the enemy when she challenged Francis,but she was able to rise about he sexism and leave Francis. Not only does she go againsther own culture, but she wants her children to reject the sexist attitude as well: My sonswill learn to treat their wives as people (Emecheta 121). Adah is a strong women whowill not let herself be objectified and will not let the sexism of her culture keep herdown. Adah would dislike the way that women are portrayed in Joseph Conrads Heart ofDarkness because women are treated as though they do not belong in the real world. Women are treated as objects instead of people with thoughts and feelings. It is thistreatment that Adah worked hard to overcome. In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Marlow, the narrator of most of the story,tell the story of his journey into the Congo searching for the lost ivory trader, Mr. Kurtz. Throughout Marlows journey, he encounters different types of women. In his encounterswith his Aunt, the African women, and Mr. Kurtzs intended fiancee, Marlow shows hisdemeaning and sexist view of women. Marlow objectifies women depending on theirrace. The white European females are looked upon as domestic beings who should tendonly to their home worlds, while the only African women is portrayed as a sexual object. It is this objectivity that causes Marlow to never reveal the truth about Mr. Kurtzs lifeThe first woman that we meet is Marlows aunt. She is the one paying for his tripto the Congo, yet Marlow does not respect her views. Marlow says, She talked aboutweaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways, till, upon my word, she mademe quite uncomfortable Its queer how out of touch with women are (Conrad 11). Inessence, Marlow is saying that women are out of touch with reality, even though it isclear that his Aunts views about Africans reflect the popular view of the time. That viewbeing to Christianize Africa and get rid of their traditional culture. This view was held bythe likes of Rudyard Kipling, Leoplod II and other prominent men of the time. Marlowdoes not recognizes his Aunts views simply because she is a women and he doesntthink women belong in the real world. He says, They women live in a world of theirown, and there had never been anything like it, and never can be (Conrad 11). Marlowexpresses the fact that women live in sort of a alternate universe, that is that they are outof touch with reality. Because of this, women have no place in the workings of society,that being in politics or social issues. Therefore, his Aunt is good enough to fundMarlows trip, but her usefulness stops with the money. She is treated as a money treeinstead of an individual with thoughts and views of her own. .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .postImageUrl , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:visited , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:active { border:0!important; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:active , .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u095431cdb85b7b5761e8e55e92e4c2fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Polonius' Observations on Hamlet's Madness EssayThe only African women introduced in the novel is Kurtzs house maid. She islooked upon as a different sort of object, she is the object of sexual desire. She isdescribed with animalistic qualities by Marlow: She walked with measured steps,draped in striped and fringed clothes, treading the earth proudly, with a slight jingle andflash of barbarous ornaments (Conrad 55). This description gives the image of a viciouscat walking across the ground with measured steps.. treading the earth. She is notphysically described with human qualities, but as more of an exotic beast-like creature. She also stirs up desire in Marlows heart, as he describes her presence: The colossalbody of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, as though it hadbeen looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul (Conrad 56). Herpresence gives rise to the passion in Marlows soul as well. It is her mysterious qualitythat is so attractive. She is not viewed as a human, but as an object of sexual desirebecause she is exotic and mysterious. Marlow recalls the man of patches saying, If shehad offered to come aboard I really think I would have tried to shoot her (Conrad 56 ). The fact that these men would be so quick to kill her shows that they dont view her as ahuman because they would never be so quick to kill a white women. Her sexuality isthreatening to the men, and it allows them to look at her as an object instead of a humanThe last women that Marlow encounters is Kurtzs intended fiancee, who issimply referred to as the Intended. She is first mentioned in Kurtzs jabbering. He says,Oh she is out of it- completely. They- the women I mean- are out of it- should be out ofit (Conrad 44). Kurtz is saying that women are out of touch with the real world. Theyare not aware of what goes on outside their own world, and that is the way it should be. Women should not think about what goes on in the world. Kurtz tells Marlow, We musthelp them to stay in that beautiful world of their own, lest ours gets worst (Conrad 44). In essence, Kurtz is instructing Marlow to keep his Intended in the dark about what isreally going on in the Congo. The womens world is one that is ignorant to the harshrealities of life , such as the mad man that Kurtz has become. Kurtz does not want hisIntended to know what he has become because he might lose her and that would be likelosing a possession to him. Kurtz exclaims, My Intended, my ivory, my station, myriver, my-, everything belonged to him (Conrad 44). Kurtzs Intended is grouped withhis other possessions like ivory and his station. He sees her as a belonging instead of aIt is the objectification of Kurtzs Intended that in the end stops Marlow fromtelling the truth about Kurtzs death. With Kutrzs Intended in mourning, Marlow tellsher, The last word he pronounced was- your name (Conrad 71). Marlow knowsKurtzs true last words, which were The horror! The horror! (Conrad 64), but hecould not bring himself to tell her the truth. By telling her Kurtzs true last words,Marlow w ould have place her into the real world and she would have had to face thoserealities. By keeping her in the dark, Marlow leaves her in her fantasy world where shewill never realize she is more that someones possession, she is an individual. Through the objectification of women in the Heart of Darkness, the true nature ofimperialism as displayed in Kurtz is never revealed to the world. Just as Marlow will notrecognize the views of women as individuals, the world will never recognize the trueBibliography:

Personal Theory of Counseling

Introduction Many scholars have come up with various theories that try to explain the nature of human behavior and the factors that cause the differences in the same. However, there are some discrepancies in these theories and as such individuals continue to develop new theories everyday. This has brought about the emergence of personal theory, which is often used in counseling in an attempt to bridge the gap and discrepancies created.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Theory of Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is worth noting that the theories have some common understanding or interrelated stand when it comes to critical factors of human nature. From these, we can deduce and come up with a precise and thorough understanding of the basic view of human nature, changes of behavior and therapy. My Basic View of Human Nature The human nature can be best described by the distinguishing tr aits among individuals. These traits include how an individual thinks, feels and acts. These naturally occurring traits constitute the human nature. Therefore, the human nature exhibits some uniformity that is accompanied by feeling. This is what makes individuals be referred to as human. The human nature is usually composed of dynamic and transforming events, which are brought about by the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind (Miller, 2002). The three works together in unity to constitute the human nature, this is why it is very difficult to precisely describe an individual’s nature since these components are not automatically visible at once. It is also important to know that the human nature comprises of the intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and vocational needs, which must work together in a unified synchronization since the neglect of one will greatly reduce the ability of an individual to withstand adverse effects of life. But, if these factors are wel l coordinated and monitored, it is possible to control the well-being of a person both in the short term and long term. The Key Factors that Account for the Changes of Behavior Human behavior is affected by a wide array of factors. Among these factors that cause behavior change is the social influence. The social influence has a key role in a change of behavior. It has been proven that our interactions, be it with friends, coworkers and families affect greatly how we behave and sometimes even how decisions are made. An individual cannot exist as a sole entity, thus he or she must interact a lot with people, as a result of this interaction, and individuals often change their behavior by either copying or imitating what others do. It is surprising to note that this can happen even within a very short period of time. People can change their priorities, value systems and believes based on their interactions.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental factors also greatly affect behavior change. Individuals have little or no control to environmental factors, which end up influencing their behavior a lot. Therefore, it is impossible to address a behavioral problem based on personal factors alone. People from the same environment tend to have interrelated behavior and this has to be known when one is addressing certain behavior change. Attitudes account greatly for behavior change since changes of behavior first emanate from the attitudes that individuals possess (Chiari, 2009). Attitudes will define the associated beliefs and evaluations towards things. Therefore, to have control of behavior, one only needs to activate an emotion or an effective attitude. Thus, change of attitude is a key component for the behavior change. Compliance is the change of behavior as a result of consequences. For, example an individual’s strives to avoid punishment or c hanging behavior with hope of getting a reward. Here, there has to be some driving force behind an individual so as to respond in the required way. Nature of the Therapist-Client Relationship Therapist-client relationship sometimes can be very tight. At times, it is very difficult for the counselors or clients to ‘let go’ of the relationship. This is brought about by the fact that clients often feel comfortable when they are with the therapist since they believe he or she is the only one who can solve their problem, and a strong love usually develops from this relationship and the client, if well attended to the first time will need more counseling services from the therapist. Therapist-client relationship is also strengthened by the fact that counselors would like to know that they have really taken care of their clients over a significant period of time. This may force them to follow on the clients just to ensure that he or she is very okay (Duval Beres, 2011). Well, it is true that the therapists find certain clients are pleasure to work with and they often feel attached to their customers as a result of the relationship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Theory of Counseling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, many professional acquaintances do not support therapist-client relationship outside professional setting because this is feared that it might violate professional ethics, thus jeopardizing the whole process. Therefore, it is important that despite the therapist-client relationship being very strong, the therapist must learn to let go and become unnecessary to the client once the business is done. The therapist-client relationship in solution finding majorly focuses on factors surrounding one’s life. The two parties must work together in an attempt to find a solution. This is because a therapist will not fully understand some aspects of a person’s behavior unless he is told by the client. Therefore, it is important for the client to give his past and present accomplishments. Then, these are used by the therapist to provide and address both the present and future occurrences/challenges. The centre stage here is the fact that the client must understand and develop positive reasoning, which is sometimes referred to as the learned optimism (Winter, 1994). Key Functions and Role of the Therapist The key functions of the therapist are to ensure that he or she provides growth-promoting environment for the clients. When this is effectively done, the client will be at ease to grow and discover him fully. He can then develop as he or she wants. A therapist must also exercise the role of ensuring that he impacts or convinces the client on the way forward. Therefore, he should ensure that the client actively listens, understands and accepts himself. There should be genuineness and acceptance in the whole process. A ther apist also has a role of ensuring an individual precisely understands his identity and as such know how to establish meaningful relationship with the people around him. This way, a lot of problems and conflicts will be greatly reduced and relationships nurtured. Key Goals of a Therapy Different types of therapy have various goals, but the general focus of a therapy that applies to all include the restructuralization, a therapy seeks to expand the most flexible ways of finding alternative ways of dealing with problems. For example, when there are disagreements in a family set up, a therapist will assist in ensuring each partner deals with one another in a way that they will cope well and endure whatever comes their way.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therapy also seeks to create awareness of oneself and their environment. If individuals do not fully understand themselves, they are subject to disagreements, conflicts and as such are prone to stress and other minor challenges. Therapy gives the solution to this; through education on ones own understanding, appreciation and acceptance. Though, people can perceive things differently, they can also change their ways of thinking, modify behavior and view the same situations in a new perspective. The goal of therapy is to ensure that this is induced into an individual’s mind so as to convince him or her that this is possible. Therapy also has a goal of ensuring that individuals understand the world and know how our behavior regarding how we feel, act, think, and relate. In fact all these can be addressed and help us live in a better way. This will in turn help people to look for their reasons for living and develop positive attitudes as they grow up. Another goal of therapy is t o serve the purpose of assisting individuals deal with stress and conflicts in an easy and manageable way. When individuals or clients who undergo such circumstances are attended to and monitored for a period of time and it is realized that they have achieved self-sufficiency that they can sustain the changes made in place without necessarily needing any further support of a therapist, then the therapy is deemed successful and it comes to an end. References Chiari, G. (2009). Advancing Theory in Therapy. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers. Duval, J. Beres, L. (2011). Innovations in Narrative Therapy: Connecting Practice, Training, and Research. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company. Miller, G. (2002). Incorporating Spirituality in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory and Technique. Oxford, Wiley publishers. Winter, D. (1994). Personal Construct Psychology in Clinical Practice: Theory, Research and Applications. New York, NY: Routledge. This research paper on Personal Theory of Counseling was written and submitted by user D'KenNeraman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Female Circumcision Essays - Religion And Children, Feminism

Female Circumcision Lou Barbero Barbero 1 Professor Garber Hm 46 March 5th The Argument against Female Circumcision Female circumcision is an operation done in many of the Arab countries and is an example of how woman change their bodies in order to conform to society. There are many aspects to this practice such as medical, religious and psychological. Very few people in these countries will ever say anything on the matter, even if they object. Speaking of issues regarding women and sex in these countries is a taboo. One woman, Nawal El Saadawi, a medical doctor who later became Egypt's Director of Public Health was brave enough to come forward. The fact that she did ultimately lead to dismissal from her position and actual imprisonment. Her writings are forbidden from many of the Arab countries that practice female circumcision. In a selection from The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World (1980), she explains her argument against female circumcision and retells some interviews she had with women who underwent the operation. El Saadawi goes into detail telling about the procedure that the girls underwent in her culture, usually around the age of seven or eight. The local midwife called the daya, would show up to perform the operation. In most cases two women members of the family would hold the girl by her thighs to expose her genitals and to prevent struggling. Then the daya would proceed to cut of the clitoris of the girl with a sharp razor. One of the women El Saadawi interviewed explained "the daya sat between these two women, Barbero 2 holding a sharp razor in her hand which she used to cut off the clitoris." (Nawal El Saadawi 170) Although El Saadawi claims there are no advantages to this operation, many people tend to disagree. One claim made by people in favor of female circumcision is that by minimizing sexual desire, a girl is more likely to stay a virgin. Studies show that by removing the clitoris, sexual desire is drastically decreased. "A married woman admitted that during intercourse with her husband she had never experienced the slightest sexual enjoyment?" El Saadawi recounts about a women who was circumcised at six years old. (172) In most customs, circumcision is a religious procedure. Many Religions practice both male and female circumcision. El Saadawi disagrees saying "If religion came from God, how it order man to cut off an organ created by Him as long as that organ is not diseased or deformed". (178) The author explains the many negative effects that can be caused by this operation, both physical and psychological. Some of these effects even led to death. Hemorrhaging is caused by deep cuts made by the daya. The daya cuts deep to maintain that none of the clitoris is left behind and no sexual pleasure can be found. There are also many inflammatory problems caused because the daya does not know of asepsis. As for short-term effects, the women will undergo severe pain for at least a few days after the operation. In an interview with El Saadawi a women recounted: "I had severe body pains, and remained in bed for several days, unable to move. The pain in my external organs led to retention of urine. Everytime I wanted to urinate the burning sensation was so bad I could not bring myself to pass Barbero 3 water?" (171) There has also been much in El Saadawi's work to prove that there is much psychological damage done, especially in the area of sexual shock. This sexual shock lead to great fridgety making it almost impossible for a woman to ever enjoy sex. Neurosis is another long-term effects of the operation. (El Saadawi 171) Egyptian women undergo such a strict upbringing that no one will object, or admit to anything related to sex. The girls are told all their lives that this operation will preserve their honor. One women recounted "It was said that a girl who did not undergo this operation was liable to be talked about by people, her behavior would become bad, and she would start running after man?" (El Saadawi 171) It has also been argued that the clitoris is unimportant to reproduction and therefore unimportant to women. "The clitoris however, is

Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus

The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ... Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus Free Essays on The Lyre Of Orpheus The Lyre of Orpheus The character of Simon Darcourt, in Robertson Davies’s The Lyre of Orpheus is no doubt a complex character. The story in this book is obviously parallel to the Arthurian legend, but it is hard to match some of the characters. Arthur Cornish, it would seem is Arthur, Maria, may be Guenevere, but some of the characters do not match so neatly. Simon Darcourt is one of those characters. At times he seems to be the Lancelot, other times more like Gawaine, or even Merlin. I believe he is a bit of all these characters, but I am leaning more toward the Merlin character. Anyone who knows the Arthurian legend knows Lancelot is in love with Guenevere. This made me first believe Darcourt to be the Lancelot character, because he loved Maria, who was married to Arthur. He also seemed to admire Arthur by the way he spoke of him, just as Lancelot admired Arthur, (2). He was also, â€Å"no stranger to the feeling of grievance,† (4). Nor was Lancelot who, in the end, went mad. It says Darcourt had only â€Å"two miserable love affairs,† however neither are with Maria, but Lancelot only had two known love affairs, and they certainly were not pleasant, (35). Darcourt was also described as ugly, in somewhat the same way as T.H. White described him the, The Once and Future King. Simon was also a somewhat fallen priest. No matter how much he wanted to be holy, there was something that just would not let him. Lancelot was thought of an almost a holy man, but his actions, such as the affairs with Elaine and Guenevere, held him from achieving that kind of status. Lancelot did become a monk, but only after he could not be with Guenevere. I have not read the other novels from this trilogy, but Darcourt might have joined the priesthood after he could not be with Maria, granted it was because she did not want him. If Darcourt is indeed the Lancelot character, than this version of the Arthurian legend, in a way, seems to ...

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions Assignment - 1

Type of Foundation Depending On the Ground Conditions - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the problem with the chalk is that it is highly porous and its structure contains excessive voids in it. Hence there is a high possibility of water transmission through chalk layers. In case the water table rises there will be no obstruction offered by chalk therefore it will reach the foundation level and eventually enter the structure; this is why we are using trench fill, as we know concrete is a compact and non porous material it will give water and damp proofing to the foundation and walls as well as structural stability as well and eventually there is very less settlement. The other reason for the trench fill foundation is the presence of clay which has expansive and swelling properties when water enters it, due to this property whenever the clay comes in interaction of water it bulges and swell hence produces an uplift pressure which results into a danger of differential and localized movement of foundation wh ich leads to stresses and instability in the structure. This problem is largely minimized with trench fill footing in which reinforced concrete component counteracts the uplift force hence no settlement is seen. Then another rationale which makes the choice of trench fill detrimental is the foundation depth restriction which is made by the chalk layer at 1m depth and as a result now we can not go to greater depths for foundations and have to select a foundation that sustains the load within this 1 m, in that case, we are left with no other solution but to select trench fill foundation. In a different part of the site, the ground conditions are very different with a soil of poor and uneven bearing capacity. This essay also explores what type of foundation should be used in this location. Now the problem in this situation is the soils weak bearing capacity and less strength to sustain loads without letting them penetrate or move. There are two solutions to this problem one is to chang e the soil in that area with a suitable soil but that is not going to be the option here. On the other hand, another solution to the problem can be to somehow to reduce the load on the soil so that it can support the structure and for that reduction in the load we are going to use a different type of foundation which would be the Mat foundation.

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship Essay

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship (GCC) - Essay Example USSR is a socialist Republic and has similar internal state policies as that of China, the policies of China closely follow that of Moscow which is then the seat of powers of the former USSR. However, in the effort to forge stronger alliances, China strived to reach out to countries like the United States and those countries surrounding the Persian Gulf. Unfortunately, talks of alliance during the meetings held in Bandung, China failed to create a strong alliance between these nations. Throughout the 1990s, there were many important changes that occur in the foreign policy of China. These changes in the Chinese foreign policies were triggered by global political changes following the collapse of Soviet Union. The collapse of the USSR heralded the end of the cold war and triggered global political changes. As the USSR ceased to be one of the world’s superpowers, the United States took on the role as â€Å"big brother† of smaller nations and took upon itself to serve and the â€Å"police and watchdog† of democracy and power. The shift in the balance of world powers ushered the changes in China’s foreign policies especially towards the countries around the Persian Gulf. Believing that the shift in world powers may eventually affect the stability of oil supply and production around the oil rich nations of the Persian Gulf, and that the slowdown in the production of oil may affect the economic activities in China, the Chinese government emba rked into the task of fostering stability in the area by advocating the resolution of conflicts in the area internally and without any foreign interventions. As the largest country around this part of the world, China has the power to influence the economic activities in this region. In the 1990s, the value of Chinese investments around this area amounted to more than 2.2 billion US dollars. This is twice the value of its investments in the region in the 1980s. Chinese importation for oil reached about $9.5 billion dollars in

An Original Research Design Plan Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

An Original Design Plan - Research Paper Example The problems arise due to factors such as sexual and substance abuse within prisons. There is a high rate in consumption of drugs by inmates in prisons, which impact negatively on their health, and in the extreme cases lead to death. Substance abuse in Austin prisons is not a new trend, and it requires maximum attention, as the effects on the inmates are severe. Prisons are places meant to rehabilitate and reform the inmates, rather than to destroy them, in one way or the other. Introduction There has been an increasing rate of substance abuse in Austin prisons. Substance abuse refers to a pattern of harmful and injurious use of drugs for mood altering purposes. In other words, it is the consumption of illicit drugs for purposes meant to interfere with the normal mental condition of an individual (Chang, 2010). Although there has been treatment for drug abusers since the 1970s, this has not changed the fact of drug abuse in prisons. Scientific research shows that this treatment can h elp many victims change their behaviors and attitudes towards drug abuse (Stover and Michels, 2010). There are various reasons associated with drug abuse in prisons. These factors stem from the relationship that exists between crime and drug abuse, which is widely known. Drug abuse is implicated in three kinds of offences related to drug. That is, offences related directly to drug abuse such as theft to get money for drugs, offences defined by drug sale or possession, and offences related to a way of life that disposes an individual (substance abuser) to engage in unlawful activities. This may take the form of associating with other lawbreakers or with illegitimate markets (Jennifer et al. 2012). Substance abuse among prisoners in Austin is very dangerous due to the many negative impacts associated with it. The negative impacts of drug abuse affect the victim both socially and psychologically. The sociological and psychological effects of substance abuse on inmates in Austin are div erse ranging from mental illnesses to contraction of other diseases. In the extreme cases, substance abuse leads to death of the drug abuser. According to William and Daniel, 2005), inmates who engage in substance abuse in prisons are at a high risk of contracting chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDs, hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases. This occurs especially when drug abusers engage in sexual behaviors influenced by drug abuse factor. The prevalence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS in prisons is very high, increasing the rate of risk of transmission. The other serious effect that substance abuse has on individuals is relapse. Relapse to drug abuse by offenders occurs especially when they are not treated, and this makes the offenders return to criminal behavior. Relapse can bring about re-arrest and re-incarceration of offenders, jeopardizing public health and taxing criminal justice system. Therefore, this does not only affect the criminal’s social life, but also imp acts on the institutions involved negatively. Most mental illnesses in prison are a result of substance and drug abuse (Hide et al. 2012). The mental psychology of substance abusers in prisons is disturbed by intoxication. This can make the individual to become insane or interfere with the logical thinking of the individual. Substance abuse can make the individual to alter his moods and change his or her attitudes and behaviors towards a particular thing. In

Lipase Producing Rhodococcus Strains Analysis

Lipase Producing Rhodococcus Strains Analysis CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview of research Malaysia has attained an outstanding position as world’s second largest palm oil producer. This remarkable quality indirectly eases high consumption of palm oil in the country. As per statistic, industrial domestic consumption has achieved 2,000 million tonnes of palm oil while, general domestic consumption reaches 3,160 million tonnes for the year 2013 (Index Mundi, 2013). Considering variable food industry scales available in the country, this ideal identity has even manifested Malaysia’s status as â€Å"Asia’s Food Paradise†. Number advantages such wide availability and consistent utilization of cooking oil throughout the nation, has indirectly resulted to startling questions on the management of used cooking oil. Coined and defined already that, lipids holds the largest portion of organic components in municipal and industrial wastewater particularly from food industries (Prasad Manjanuth, 2011). Improper management of fatty wastes on the other hand, has led to serious anthropogenic damages such as clogging pipes, congest treatment filters, odour problems, oil film formation and depleting oxygen hence, damaging aquatic livings (Fadile et al., 2011; Cipinyte et al., 2009). Therefore, removal as well as early remediation on lipid contaminant has become a great necessary due to its associated negative impacts. In regards to the necessity of improvement in biological treatment, enzymatic technology specifically lipase is gaining increasing attention. Concept of â€Å"White Biotechnology† introduces two implications on fatty acid contaminants namely concept of biodegradation and biotransformation (Dors et al., 2013; Whiteley Lee, 2006). Biological treatment on lipid contaminated sites employ microbial lipase to detoxify, solubilize fatty acids and further commence conversion into microbial biomass. Despite the nature of treatment technology, it is crucial to ensure incorporation of right microbes on right place with suitable environment conditions for degradation to occur (Ugukchokwu et al., 2008). Fascinatingly, aerobic biodegradation by active lipolytic strains was proven to be feasible with many other added advantages compared to other strategies (Cipinyte et al., 2009). On top of it, lipases also exhibit excellent feasibility in early remediation through biotransformation approach. Abundant waste fatty feedstock prior to disposal can be modified in structure by lipolytic reactions. These modifications could be applied to serve demands for numerous industrial products like pet food, cosmetics, detergents, soap, floatation reagent and handcrafts (Used cooking oil, 2011; Shimizu, 1988; Alonso et al., 2000; Emoterabear, 2013). To date, current growing industrialization projected great necessary for alternative energy fuel-source due to depleting petroleum based fuels. As an enzymatic early remediation, researchers also have introduced lipase catalysed biodiesel product in oleochemical industry (Felizardo et al., 2006). Parallel to the â€Å"Green Environment† strategy, used cooking oil are proven to be possible alternate feedstock for biodiesel production as well (Chetri Watts et al., 2008). Considering wide range of versatility of lipase as biocatalyst, this enzyme is catered for both biodegradation and biotransformation productively. However, researchers are still in search of new lipase-lipid interaction to diversify the efficiency and upgrade quality of the existing outcome. Therefore in present investigation, production of lipase enzyme from locally isolated actinomycete known as Rhodococcus sp. was investigated. Denoting minimal documentation on lipase production by this actinomycete, yet the extreme ability of the strain to degrade oil extensively draws great intuition on lipase production. 1.2 Statement of problem As an amalgamation of many races, Malaysia has established a robust position for various food cuisines especially variable deep fried dishes. Therefore, large amount of cooking oil is required in the food preparation which simultaneously yields similar portion of utilized cooking oil. Consequently, excessive increments of waste cooking oil (WCO) are being disposed to waste streams continuously which lead to many detrimental effects to the environment. Therefore, it’s absolutely necessary to apply bioremediation concept to comprehensively treat the contaminated waste sites while providing early remediation to manage the increasing abundance of fatty waste materials. In order to emphasize high occurrence of waste cooking oil production especially in Malaysia, a survey was conducted in Teluk Bahang, Pulau Pinang, a local area popularly known for food business. The outcome reveals that the community generates 40% of more than 15kg of waste cooking oil monthly as described in Figur e 1.1. Figure 1.1: Production of WCO in Teluk Bahang, Pulau Pinang, a popular food industry area in Malaysia (Hanishah et al., 2013). 1.3 Justification of problem As aforementioned, cooking oil has become a basic ingredient for food preparation in the entire world. Deep frying is recognized as traditional practice of food preparation, where the oil are left exposed repeatedly to excessive heat of 160  ºC- 190  ºC in presence of moisture and air (Kamisah et al., 2012). Additionally, people tend to be fonder of fried food due to the attractive colour, fast preparation, delicious taste and catchy presentation in dining (Cvengros Cvengrosova, 2004). As a result, waste cooking oil are extensively being generated due to food and semi product preparation by frying such as fast food networks, restaurants, dining rooms, catering establishments throughout the world (Cvengros Cvengrosova, 2004; Kulkarni Dalai, 2006). According to a report by Capital Region District, 2012, almost 1million kilograms of fat contaminants are being disposed through our home drainage every year. Review in Asia countries like Malaysia, China, Indonesia, India and Thailand on the other hand, estimates to produce waste cooking oil for 40 000 tonnes per year (Hanisah et al., 2013). Meanwhile to be detail, excessive heating of cooking oil causes chemical modification by forming toxic compounds like peroxides, aldehyde and polymer via few reactions including hydrolysis, oxidation and thermolytic (Kulkarni Dalai, 2006; Hanisha et al. 2013). In agreement to this, study by Kamisah et al. (2012) found out that repeated heating of cooking oil augmented lipid peroxidation formation in the oil which causes severe health problems to human. Malaysian’s night markets for an instance, offer variety deep fried snacks such as keropok lekor, meat balls, sausages and potato chips. Different type of fried food indeed causes different fatty acid composition and anti- oxidant properties to the frying oil (Awney, 2011, Purushothama et al., 2003; Adam et al., 2007). In case of keropok lekor, a popular snack in Malaysia, the oil is prone to autoxidation due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), therefore, the oil has been chemically modified (Kamsiah et al., 2 012). Nevertheless, if this â€Å"dead oil† been disposed to water streams or land, it indirectly causes both water pollution and land pollution. After being disposed to aquatic environment, this contaminant undergoes four natural actions namely weathering, evaporation, emulsification or biodegradation. In exceptional to biodegradation, the rest of natural actions leads to the formation of oil slick or oil film on surface of water. Meanwhile droplets of oil will be vertically distributed in water, increasing BOD and COD value besides, transforming into toxic compound due to degraded oil by-product (Hanisah et al., 2013; Understanding oil spills and oil spill response, 1999; Marjadi Dharaiya, 2010). Riskily, these cause an interaction between the oil and sediments to occur hence, affecting living of aquatic lives. Indirectly, these carcinogenic compounds can be absorbed into by marine creatures and affect human food chain (Kulkarni Dalai, 2006; Hanisah et al., 2013; Understanding o il spills and oil spill response, 1999). Figure 1.2 precisely describes natural actions encountered due to disposal of waste cooking oil into water and land. 1.4 Scope of research In regards to detrimental impacts imposed by waste cooking oil, it’s absolutely prudent to commence treatment on lipid contaminated sites and further discover feasible ways to manage the fatty waste materials. Therefore, presence research recommends remediation through biodegradation and biotransformation for an effectual management of the waste cooking oil. Lipases, being a ubiquitous biocatalyst significantly extend frontiers of applications through hydrolysis as well as esterification reactions. Favourably, waste cooking oil that has been disposed to the water streams can be potentially treated with biocatalytic action of lipase producing microorganisms. Waste cooking oil prior to disposal also can be potentially transformed into many value-added products through structure modification by the same catalyst as well. Concerning numerous microbial lipases and wide range of reactions catered by lipase enzyme, it’s essential to obtain this biocatalyst from a novel and reliable source. This will highlight new lipid-lipase interaction with better characteristics for improvement and further add intrinsic value for industrial interests adequately (Jesus et al., 1999; Glogauer et al., 2011). Considering the alarming production of waste cooking oil by local food industries and household disposal, a feasible remediation requires a promising local yet new source for lipase enzyme. Appropriately, local Rhodococcus strains, an actinomycete isolated throughout Peninsular Malaysia was not been evaluated for lipase production. Being an excellent hydrocarbon degrader, these serial of strains is expected to project excellent level of lipase secretion and further be applied into both biodegradation and biotransformation. Upon, identification of lipase production from this actinomycete, the best lipase producing strains was optimized for maximum enzyme activity. Since, this bacteria is poorly studied, the crude enzyme was subjected for electrophoresis to estimate the size protein band of the extracted enzyme. Later on, practicability of the optimized strains was applied as both whole cell biocatalyst (naturally immobilised cell) and immobilised intracellular crude. A preliminary analysis of the enzyme to biodegrade WCO and also biotransform WCO into biodiesel was evaluated also for future studies. Precisely, lipolytic actions illustrated in Figure 1.3 are the reactions evaluated in biodegradation and biotransformation of WCO by Rhodococcal lipase in this study. Figure 1.3: (a) Hydrolytic reactions displayed by lipase enzyme to solubilize fatty acids and further convert into biomass during biodegradation of WCO (Jaeger Reetz, 1998). (b) Trans-esterification reaction by lipase enzyme involving transfer of alcohol moiety to form acid alkyl ester during biotransformation in biodiesel production (Murugesan et al., 2009). 1.5 Objectives of this research The primary goal of this study is to identify and evaluate lipase producing Rhodococcus strains, as ideal source for bioremediation purposes. Following are the stages of objectives obeyed in this investigation: To screen and identify for the most potential lipase producing Rhodococcus isolates To study the optimum conditions required for maximum lipase production by identified lipolytic Rhodococcus sp. To evaluate ability of Rhodococcus lipase to degrade waste cooking oil. To investigate the ability of Rhodococcus lipase to catalyze conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. Figure 1.4: Flow chart representing designed work flow of this research.

Can Culture Be Caught or Taught Essay

A culture of an organization includes the norms, feelings, beliefs, attitudes, collective experiences, history, assumptions and values of an organization. Culture is something a new executive senses even before his first day on the job. That is, new employees are told ‘how things are around here’ by their colleagues and their team-leaders. â€Å"Caught and not taught† means you learn values or behaviors from the people that practice them, instead of by being told. You â€Å"catch† such values by seeing them lived. For example, if you were told (or â€Å"taught†) by someone, â€Å"You ought to live a certain way† (but you saw them not being a very good example of their teaching), chances are you won’t â€Å"catch† or consistently practice that value. On the other hand, if you see someone consistently living out what they believe, you might â€Å"catch† it. If their modeling of those values is powerful enough, their values c an be caught. The amount of catching and the amount of teaching is a balancing act that depends on any organizations existing culture (how entrenched it is, how far removed from the culture you need etc.), the degree of change that is required to make it happen and then the stage that you are going through. E.g. you will do more teaching in the early stages of rolling out a culture, but less when it is clear that influential people (top managers, team leaders etc.) have caught the gist of it and are out there passing it around. There is a well-known saying â€Å"You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink† Building a company culture is the aspect of strategic business planning that most employers feel is most important to their business. Companies that truly live their corporate cultures are higher performing and better places to work than companies that lack them. The 10 reasons why it’s important for a company to pay close attention to its solid corporate cult ure: 1.Generates positive public relations. Free PR creates visibility for a company. 2.Attracts ideal candidates. If the company’s corporate culture permeates everything from the way meetings are conducted to the format for the bios on the company’s Web site, candidates will know if they are a good fit. 3.Repels undesirable candidates. Without a clear corporate culture, undesirable candidates might join the company only to find months later that they do not fit in. 4.Rejects poor hires. Firing an employee is painful both financially and emotionally. Employees who are out of sync are often unproductive underperformers; they also disturb the established culture. 5.Fosters company loyalty. Employees who are a fit with the corporate culture will quickly integrate with the team and find their stride. This combination of ease and teamwork fosters employee loyalty. Loyal employees perform better, are more productive, are willing to exert extra efforts and are likely to influence others in a positive way, will spread po sitive energy throughout the office and attract top talent through word-of-mouth advertising. 6.Encourages dialogue between employees and management. A clear corporate culture opens the lines of communication for employees and employers to discuss what employees really want and what management expects of them, utilizing the right combination of coaching, knowledge and skills that focus on high performance. It communicates to employees what they need to do if they want to fit in, survive and become successful within the organization. 7.Facilitates creation of relevant benefits packages. When employers know what their employees really want, they can offer benefits that are customized to suit their employees’ needs. The benefits a company offers should be tied directly to what the employees want, making them a great recruiting and retention tool. 8.De-emphasizes the importance of cash compensation. A thriving corporate culture that fosters loyalty and provides intangible benefits to employees, such as work that is fulfilling and leaders they respect and trust, can actually reduce employee demands for higher compensation. 9.Encourages utilization of technology for productivity improvement. Leverage personalized, interoffice technologies that are customized to suit the company’s specific needs to save time, improve communication and enhance productivity. 10.Increases the efficacy of outsourcing. A solid corporate culture allows focus on the firm’s core capabilities. Hence, from the above discussion we can clearly state that solid, clear corporate culture has to be caught — not taught.

Introduction to Tourism Destination Planning & Development Essay

Tourism provides a major economic development opportunity for many countries and a means of improving the livelihoods of its residents. Both the public and private sectors involved in tourism depend on planning to achieve sustainable tourism development that respects the local community, creates appropriate employment, maintains the natural environment, and delivers a quality visitor experience. Tourism destinations that pursue development without proper planning would face several negative impacts upon the community and host region, such as the erosion of the region’s cultural identity as well as the destruction of landscapes. Malaysia is situated in Southeast Asia and consists of 13 states and 3 federal territories, separated by the South China Sea. 11 of Malaysia’s states are located in Peninsular Malaysia and 2 in east Malaysia, situated on the island of Borneo. The capital city of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government and I skandar is known as the administrative center. Tourism is Malaysia’s second largest foreign exchange earner, with a total number of 1,817,061 tourist arrivals in January 2012 alone and 9,438,592 in the following five months[], nearly a hundred thousand more than in the first five months of 2011. Malaysia’s Minister of Tourism, Dato’ Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen has stated that total receipts from tourism in this period was RM 21.8 billion[] and according to the National Key Economic Area annual report in 2011, the tourism industry is projected to provide and incremental contribution of RM 66.7 billion to the country’s National Gross Income. All these show the very rapid growth of Malaysia’s tourism sector. Moreover, the tourism industry in Malaysia has also been noted to have provided a number of 1.2 million jobs in the country, helping boost the economic and socio-economic development of Malaysia; whether directly or indirectly, tourism has helped generate employment in industries such as agriculture, handicraft, hotel, transport and arts and culture[], while simultaneously conserving aspects of history, culture, heritage and environment of the country. Malaysia’s attractiveness as a tourist destination can be largely contributed by the fact that, in line with its international tagline ‘Malaysia, Truly Asia’, it is a colourful hotpot of cultural diversity. Malaysia’s community consists of not only Malays, Chinese and Indians, but also a number of ethnic people such as the Kadazandusun and Iban in Sabah and Sarawak, as well as the Selatar clan in Johor. With its multi-cultural heritage and ‘exotic’ traditions, food and festivals, many tourists are drawn to visit the country every year. In addition, Malaysia also has the advantage of having a warm, tropical climate all year long, something which many Western travellers look forward to enjoying, as well as having the advantage of being free of major natural disasters such as volcanoes or earthquakes. Malaysia is also proud to have UNESCO-listed World Heritage Sites to its name, primarily the Gunung Mulu Geo-Park in Sarawak[], and the historical sites of Malacca[], with Mulu attracting 15000 tourists annually[] while Malacca welcomed more than four million between January and April this year[]. Recently, it has been revealed that the tourism industry was allocated an RM358 million under Budget 2013 in conjunction with Visit Malaysia Year 2013/2014, in order to reach a target of 26.8 million arrivals for the coming year[]. The Government will also review domestic policies and regulations regarding foreign equity restrictions and limits on employment of foreign talent, as well as rules governing recognition of international qualifications, requirements for commercial presence, composition of board of directors, and residency for expatriates[] in order to assist in liberalising the services sector to reach its full potential in Malaysia. Successful implementation of tourism destination development involves a lot of planning, in terms of the assessment of available resources at the destination, marketing strategies to be undertaken, economic and financial analysis as well as an analysis of the market, the environment and also the social impacts of the development. In this assignment, I will attempt to measure the planning process and effects of it in regards to the state of Pahang in Malaysia. Introduction- Pahang Pahang is the third largest state in Malaysia and is bordered to the north by Kelantan, to the west by Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, to the south by Johor and to the east by Terengganu and by the South China Sea. Its state capital is Kuantan, and the royal town is Pekan. Approximately 1.5 million people reside in Pahang to date and the ethnic composition is roughly 1,000,000 Malay and Bumiputera, 233,000 Chinese, 68,500 Indians, 13,700 others, while the rest are non-citizens. Geographically diverse, Pahang ranges from mountainous country in its west to one of the longest coastline in the east of Peninsula Malaysia[]. There has been evidence found that indicates the earliest habitation of Pahang leads back all the way to the Mesolithic Era. Once famous for the deposits of tin and gold found along the upper reaches of the Tembeling River, Pahang had attracted the interest of outside powers long before the founding of Malacca in 1400. Under the control of the maritime empire of Srivijaya, Pahang had expanded to cover the entire southern portion of the Malay Peninsula in the 8th and 9th Centuries. With the collapse of Srivijaya power around 1000, Pahang was claimed first by the Siamese and then, in the late fifteenth century, by Malacca. After Malacca fell to the Portuguese in 1511, Pahang became a key part of the territorial struggles between Acheh, Johor, the Portuguese, and the Dutch. Repeated raids, invasions, and occupations devastated the state, until the decline of both Achenese and Portuguese power in the early 17th century allowed Johor to re-establish its influence on the much fought-over state. In the late eighteenth century, Pahang gradually gained autonomy, and in the middle of the nineteenth century it had become an independent state[]. The name ‘Pahang’ has been said to originate from the language of a Siamese ethnic tribe, meaning ‘ore’. The tribe once live there and opened up several mining areas, especially in Sungai Lembing. According to an old Malay story, at the place near the Pahang River, on the opposite side of Kampung Kembahang, a large ‘mahang’ tree fell across the river, thus the name ‘Pahang’ originated. The old name of Pahang is Inderapura[]. Two thirds of this huge state is covered in forest, thus Pahang’s population is dependent mainly on agriculture and natural resources. There is extensive palm oil, cocoa and rubber cultivation. Due to its long coastline, fishing and tourism related activities are prominent in Pahang and there are some small-scale manufacturing and cottage industries which residents are also dependant on[]. The tourism mission of Pahang is: Promoting Pahang as a Major Tourism Destination based on cultural heritage and natural resources for the socio-economic development of the state.[] Resources of Pahang The Arabic honorific of Pahang is Darul Makmur (â€Å"Abode of Tranquility†), an apt description of the state, with its lush tropical forests, cool mountain air, beaches, lakes and waterfalls nestling in the arms of mountain crevices. Pahang is truly a wild land with a picturesque and ethereal natural beauty beyond comparison. However, Pahang has more than that and its resources can be roughly categorized into different classes; natural resources, cultural resources, and manmade resources. Natural Resources of Pahang True to its fame, Pahang is home to many beautiful and breathtaking natural sites and wonders. It is home to unexplored rainforests, carefully preserved wildlife habitats, undisturbed ecological sites and raging, wild rivers and waterfalls. 1. Taman Negara The natural heart of Pahang is unquestionably Taman Negara, Malaysia’s oldest national park, lovingly referred to as â€Å"The Green Heart†. Gazetted as a National Park in 1938, Taman Negara is Malaysia’s largest and oldest natural park, with over 4000 km2 of wild, virgin rainforest. Although it also spans across the states of Terengganu and Kelantan, its largest protrusion is into Pahang. It is carefully conserved and protected due to its status as one of the last remaining frontiers of pristine rainforest, not only in Malaysia, but in the world. Taman Negara has a wide variety of flora and fauna, like the long-tailed macaques and rare Sumatran rhinos, as well as over 250 species of flora. One of the most frequented tourist attractions at Taman Negara is the Canopy Walkway, a suspension bridge of strong ropes, cables, net and wood that hangs 40 metres above the ground from which tourists are able to appreciate the park’s natural beauty without disturbing its resident wildlife. There are also several limestone hills in Taman Negara that have stayed undisturbed since several hundred millions of years ago. Some of the popular caves are Gua Telinga, Gua Kepayang, Gua Daun Menaru and Gua Luas. Visitors also have the chance to take a 40 minute boat trip up the Tahan River to the Lata Berkoh Waterfall, where they can get the invigorating experience of swimming in the cool waters of the deep pool beneath the fall. Adventure-seeking tourists are also able to shoot up the 7 rapids of the Tembeling River, which takes about 5 minutes as it is a 9km ride. With the help of a hired guide, visitors can also go jungle trekking to experience Taman Negara up close along well-marked trails like the Tahang, Terenggan and Neram Trail.   As Taman Negara is so meticulously guarded, tourists need to obtain certain permits or licenses in order to gain access to the park. These licenses differ depending on the tourist’s particular intention and can be applied for at any Department of Wildlife counters located at the Kuala Tembeling Jetty or Kuala Tahan. The permits and respective fares are listed in the following table.

21950183087900 Essays - Xiaomi, Smartphones, Economy Of China

21950183087900 Essays - Xiaomi, Smartphones, Economy Of China 21950183087900 Xiaomi's globalization strategies Location: Astana Course Code: MGMT621 Course Name: Strategic Management Professor: Stephan J. Wirtz , MA, MBA, DDA Student(s) Name(s) : Nurzhan Sikhimov INTRODUCTION The work aims to study and analyze the factors that led to the success of Xiaomi company, its current position among its competitors in the domestic and the world market. Xiaomi was founded in April 6, 2010 by serial entrepreneur Lei Jun, who is one of China's top 20 richest person with net worth US$ 9.1 billion according to Forbes. It crafted smartphone hardware, software, and internet services as well as accessories with the help of smart and talented people that it hired from Google, Kingsoft, Microsoft, Motorola, Yahoo and other successful technology companies around the globe. Xiaomi has sold more than 60 million smartphones worldwide in 2014, with more than 18 million handsets in China alone, resulting in US$ 12 billion revenue. Their presence is mainly in the Asian region such as China, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Xiaomi's focus is to produce reliable, user friendly, mobile applications and affordable phones to customers. Xiaomi is currently the third largest smartphone producer in the world with over 5,000 employees worldwide. As of December 2014, Xiaomi has achieved the status of the most valuable technology start-up in the world after it successfully secured US$1.1 billion investment with a company valuation of US$ 45 billion [1] To understand reasons for the company's success, the business model canvas and SWOT analyses of the company are made. The studied scientific works and articles made it possible to consider the world smartphone industry, the place of Huawei in it, its abilities to survive in the tough struggle in the international market , present some solutions to sustainability of Huawei's competitive advantage. The business model canvas of the company KEY PARTNERS Google Youku Todou KEY ACTIVITIES Software development VALUE PROPOSITION Hig h tech affordable smartphones Customer oriented Link between hardware and software CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS Use of customer feedback for developing new products and technology Customer engagement CUSTOMER SIGMENTS Middle class customers KEY RESOURSES W ebsite and online stores I T and communications infrastructure M anufacturing facilities. Content development CHANNEL S E-commerce Few physical stores Advertisement through customers COST STRUCTURE Production RD REVENUE STREAMS Smartphone sales Other devices sales SWOT Analyses for Xiaomi S trengths One of the Largest Smartphone maker - Xiaomi is one of the largest smartphone makers in the world. It is said to be the 5th largest smartphone manufacturer as of 2017. Originating from China, the Smartphones are manufactured in huge quantities and have wide acceptance across the world. Highest selling Smartphone - The REDMI Note 4 became the highest selling smartphone in India and China and practically in 50% of the Asian market. This shows that Xiaomi is strongly rising in the smartphone market and has already beaten several giants. Huge China and Asia market available - Another benefit to Xiaomi is that the whole Asian market is their playground. As China lies within Asia and as Chinese mobile brands are highly penetrated in the Asian markets , Xiaomi still has a lot of ground to explore. Good Qualityproducts - Even at such low prices, no one can doubt the quality of Xiaomi phones. The smartphones are regularly rated high on all E-commerce portals - a further proof that Xiaomi does not compromise on quality even if lowers the price regularly. E-commerce advantage - The Flash sale model is a very popular model which has worked wonders for Xiaomi. In this model, the product is made available only in limited quantities and sold at a very low price . This model made the consumers crazy and each Xiaomi looked like a price which was hard earned. Weaknesses Offline Distribution - Xiaomi mainly sold through the flash sale but at times, it was difficult for customers to get their hands on a REDMI or MI model phone. This is because their offline distribution is not upto mark and Xiaomi phones sell mainly via E-commerce. Advertising and Marketing spends- The advertising and marketing spends of the brand is very low. The brand launches ATL campaigns only when coming up with a new product . However, the advertising is erratic at best

Affirmative Action And Its Effects Essays - Social Inequality

Affirmative Action And Its Effects Essays - Social Inequality Affirmative Action And Its Effects The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal (Affirmative 13). There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do. Even these two cases don't justify the use of affirmative action. First is the nobility of the cause to help others. Second, affirmative action was a great starter for equality in the work place. The most promanite variable in deciding affirmative action as right or wrong, is whether or not society is going to treat people as groups or individuals. Affirmative action is a question of morals. The simplicity to form two morals that are both correct but conflicting is the reason for the division of our nation on affirmative action. Affirmative action is very noble when looking at who benefits from the outcom e. Take a closer look at affirmative action. The people that are involved and the damage it takes on our society surfaces many doubts. Taking a closer look also stirs up a question of nobility that needs to be answered before making a decision on affirmative action. Does affirmative action simply change who is discriminated against and makes it legal for the new discriminators? Coming from my point of view, the view of a white male, this is a serious question. One example of this came to my attention from Dave Shiflett who once worked at Rocky Mountain News wrote Rocky Mountain Hire. In this article he tells about a new hiring strategy used at the Denver news paper Rocky Mountain News. A memo was sent out stating, The job reviews of supervisors and others involved in hiring should address race and sex. Each review should have a hiring goal of at least half of our hires being women and at least half non-white (Shiflett 45). Lets put this strategy to work. We have ten positions to fil l, these positions can be filled following the above guidelines by hiring five black women. It can also be met by hiring five white women and five non-white men. Obviously to meet this goal successfully would mean to not hire a white male (Shiflett 45). I strongly disagree with my white fore fathers and society today who both address race and sex when hiring. Using a persons skin color in hiring is discrimination no matter how society looks at it. At St. Bonaventure University the potential for reverse discrimination became a reality. In May 1994, 22 faculty members were fired, all were male. The president of the university was very blunt about his motive, to protect the small number of women on the university staff (Magner 18). This was purely a discussion based on gender not qualification. No matter how efficient these men were some were fired for not being part of a certain minority. Gary A. Abraham, who was fired as a tenured associate professor stated, It seems ludicrous that t he university can rectify its failure to engage in affirmative action on the backs of its male faculty. Twelve of the men took their complaints to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The commission sided with the men and are even planning to bring the university up on charges themselves (Magner 18). Giving an employer the power to discriminate only towards minorities is unfair and unethical. Now the question is who will the government protect? Society can not consider its self fair when we are still forming decisions based upon gender or race. It is not noble to protect the jobs of women at Bonaventure University simply there are not enough women on the roster. We should protect the jobs of the experienced. We can not form a new society from affirmative action and believe the rights of all United States citizens will be upheld. The whole idea behind affirmative action is to right the wrongs of the past. Well, what about the individuals that were not even born when this a trocity of discrimination was going on. Society should not punish the youth for the

Why its Important to Wear a Helmet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why its Important to Wear a Helmet - Essay Example This trend is ought to continue should we not learn from our mistakes, it should be a top priority of any two wheeler rider or skateboarder to wear a helmet while riding in order to protect severe damage to the head leading to death in majority of the cases. "About 540,000 bicyclists visit emergency rooms with injuries every year. Of those, about 67,000 have head injuries, and 27,000 have injuries serious enough to be hospitalized." (Helmet Related Statistics). Looking at these statistics it becomes extremely important to practice caution and people who ignore heedless warnings pay the price leaving their family members behind to mourn and regret. All the above points show that wearing a helmet is integral and people who don't do it are very vulnerable. Parents play a vital role in inculcating the habit of wearing a helmet in children and this habit must always be inculcated in children right from the time when they learn to ride a tricycle. This is the only way out to stop the menace of countless deaths that take place because of sheer ignorance of people. Several countries have made it a hard and fast rule not to allow riders without helmets and many more countries are in the process to implement this rule. The sooner this rule is introduced the better it is for all the people. Works Cited Helmet Related Statistics (2009). In Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute http:/

Role of HR in developing talent at work in the banking sector (UK and Literature review

Role of HR in developing talent at work in the banking sector (UK and US) - Literature review Example Human resource managers include various tools in recognizing and developing talent in the organization. According to Berger & Berger (2010), the talent assessing tools may include 360- degree feedback; however, the appropriateness and effectiveness of tools used is what matters the most. In addition, coaching plays an important role in the development of an employee’s talent; it can be conducted by a manager or a fellow colleague. Moreover, Morgan & Jardin (2010, p.23) argue that, â€Å"it is vitally important to run talent management like a business in order to drive maximum return on investment in people.† The role of HR has been significant to the organization and an individual as well. In talent development and management, the human resources department ensures that appropriate measures are put in place to ensure that there is presence of the right personnel needed for an organization to succeed (Catalyst, N.d., p. 21). This paper’s aim is to focus on the hum an resources role in developing talent in the banking sector, mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom. 2) Human Resource Role The human resource role concerning talent development begins with the creation of that talent, hence nurturing and developing it. In this talent driven economy, talent- powered organizations are essential; indeed, such talents must be developed and further sustained (Cheese, Thomas, & Craig, 2007, p.46). Talent is normally referred to as a special gift, in this case involving experience, knowledge, & skills of an individual, (Shavininna, 2007, p.159). Therefore, each organization aims at acquiring, retaining, and sustaining such talent, with an aim of achieving organizational goals. According to Collins (2011, p.35), a global war for talent is evident, with global graduates seeking opportunities to develop their skills and experience in oversees countries. In addition, the United Nations data revealed that over 214 million people live away from the ir home countries. In countries like the United Kingdom and the United States, the arrival of highly skilled migrants contributes to higher education through fees. The talent war is aimed at accessing the best talent, with companies offering favorable working environment with an aim of attracting best talent. The banking sector of any country is a vital field; almost all banks in the United States and in the United Kingdom have incorporated human resources in their operations, especially as this department deals with a number of duties concerning the employees, such as training and development. One such bank is the Deutsche bank, which is based in various countries among them the United States, and attests to the human resource importance in its organization, whereby, the human resources contribute to developing and retaining the best talent (Deutsche Bank, 2011). In addition, Standard Chattered Bank in the United Kingdom has incorporated talent development programmes, whereby, attr acting the best talent and further developing it is their main aim, as they believe in building their employees (Standard Chartered Bank, 2009). Success is determined when a company’

Kuwait's economy before and after gulf war Assignment

Kuwait's economy before and after gulf war - Assignment Example Most of its oil was exported to Europe and the United States (International Business Publications 2012). Reliance of oil as the sole source of income led to over production of oil in Kuwait. With large deposits, approximately 94,525 billion barrels, Kuwaiti suppressed the prices of oil in the international markets (CIA World Factbook). However, overproduction angered the neighboring oil producers, such as Iraq, which was desperate to pay the funds it had borrowed for was. The act of suppressing process was viewed as an act of economic sabotage. The government of Kuwaiti maintained a low value of foreign debt that was manageable. The debt owed by Kuwaiti prior to the gulf war was $8billion. Although the country is oil rich, it has a small portion of arable land, thus preventing the country from relying on agricultural activities. However, the country engaged in other economic activities such as construction, manufacturing, and financial services. The geopolitical importance of Kuwait was increasing die to instability in neighboring nations. It was the preferred trade route that linked the west and the east. The hostilities that arose due to suppressed oil prices made Iraq invade Kuwait in 1990. The war devastated the oil wells of the country. According to Murdico (2004), the Iraqi troops burned most of the oil wells in Kuwait. The act sabotaged oil production in Kuwait for a whole year. The per capita income fell from $8967 in 1990 to $ 5508 in 1991. The war also led to an increase in international prices to over $30 per barrel, up from $20 per barrel in the oil spot market. Although the war did not last long, the effects were visible. First, most of the people ran to neighboring countries, meaning, there was no immediate resumption of production after the war. Second, the oil wells were heavily destroyed and had to be renovated. Reconstruction of Kuwait after the war cost the country an approximated $40 billion. The

Money Saving Tips for College Students Essay Example for Free

Money Saving Tips for College Students Essay As for any college student the usual expenses of; school, personal life, food, entertainment, and leisure activities is enough to make you broke or for most of us, in debt. It is Thursday night and the weekend is here but your wallet is full of bank receipts and there is not any cash to been found. Your friend just told you the agenda for the night which involves; dinner, pre-game, party, and then night club. Chances are your staying in for the night unless you have a hidden supply of cash under your bed. This type of scenario is all too common for most college students, which is why I am going to explain in detail how to save and manage your money more effectively. With becoming better educated on how to manage your money properly you will be shocked at the amount of cash you can save. The following tips will help you to save money in the following areas of your college expenses; money management, organization of money, personal life, decision making, jobs, entertainment, leisure activities, food, dating, tuition, and books. Learning how to manage your money and having the proper knowledge on which banks to use with your money is an important part on saving your money. The following bullets will explain in detail on how to effectively manage your money: 1) Track your expenses – By tracking your expenses for 2 weeks to a month will allow you to have a better understanding where your money is going. Are red bulls at the 7-11 and a cappuccino at Starbucks 4 times a week actually needed? You will tend to realize the amount of money wasted on small items that are not necessary. Just by tracking your expenses you will begin to manage your money more effectively. To keep better and more organized track of your money, using a notebook or quicken are great tools to being better organized. Having good records prevents you from spending what you do not have and from over drafting your account. 2) Budget your money – The best way to manage your money over a period of time is to create a budget. Take the time to sit down and look at your incomes and expenses. Examples of income are scholarships, paycheck if working, loans, money saved throughout summer and money from your family. Examples of expenses are books, food, rent, bills, tuition, and entertainment. Create a list of your incomes and expenses, and then decide a way to budget your money from either week to week or month to month. It is important to pace yourself when putting yourself on a budget. If you spend all of your money in the beginning of the month, you will be stuck eating leftovers from the cafeteria for the last week. In addition, it is important to provide yourself with money for leisure and entertainment. You are a college student, it is refreshing to buy yourself something new or have a good time every once and a while. Putting your money on a budget will help you to manage your money very effectively. Remember, you don’t always have to spend the amount you budget yourself. Also, planning ahead is essential when you are properly managing your money. If you know that soon you will be going on a vacation, paying your car insurance, or just an expensive weekend; placing aside $50 a week is more reasonable than coming up with $400 at once. 3) Choosing a bank – Join a credit union. Credit unions are set up as non-profit so they do not charge those high interest rates and hidden fees as, for example, a Bank of America would. Also, look into online banking, this makes for a fast easy to use way of banking. ) Credit Cards – The most helpful tip that I can give to a college student would be to stay away from credit cards. Do not fall into the traps of free giveaway sign up booths, those guys trying to sign you up are only trying to take your money. The reality is that credit card companies see college students as suckers. That is why credit companies swarm campuses and make getting a credit card so easy. These credit companies also charge a high interest rate on these cards. The average interest rate is 18%; this means you will have to pay back an additional 18% on whatever you may purchase. The higher the interest rate, the harder it will be to pay off your bill. It is like a chain reaction that will just continue to bury you in debt. As you can only afford to pay off the minimum, the interest continues to gain as the bill continues to rise. To avoid this, it is important to avoid the temptations that come with having a credit card and to also try to make more than the minimum monthly payments. Although, having a credit card for emergency situations and to build up your credit for the future can be very beneficial. However, for college students reaching for that Visa can be a very hard habit to break. In addition, credit companies will give you a credit line well higher than what you may need. They may set you at a $5,000 credit limit, when you may only be able to afford $1,000. Just call the credit company and tell them the price you would like your credit line set to. With having a credit card it does not mean you can buy whatever you want. It is important to be realistic and to understand what you can and cannot afford. Most expenses tend to occur in the beginning of the school year. To plan accordingly for this, saving money while working your summer job would help to cut the cost of initial expenses. When coming back to school, books and various items for your apartment/dorm are going to be quite costly. To cut cost on buying books, it is often cheaper to buy books offline or off a friend. Buying books online can be easy and up to half the price that it would be in the bookstore. One downside to buying books online is the amount of time it can take for shipping, so be sure to place your order as early as possible. You may also have some friends who have had the same classes before you, buying a book off a friend who is not going to use it anymore can save you a good amount of money. With having the power of the credit card, it is important to keep a focus on what is important. You want to keep your expenses to either academic or personal essentials. It might seem as if the new PS3 is just the item to place on your credit card, but I can assure you it is not. If this may seem as an essential to you then place aside money each week to save and buy that PS3 with cash. When purchasing anything remember cash is king. For most college students; the pressures of going out on the weekend, taking a girl out to dinner, having the latest technology, and still trying to save money can be quite the challenge. Now remember, you’re in college and on your own now, you don’t have your mother yelling at you to brush your teeth before bed or to clean your room. This is an opportunity for you to begin working on your self-discipline. Having your life in order and maintaining a clear head are two things that college students tend to lose sight of. Making the right decisions when it comes to your personal health and responsibilities is an important part of self-discipline. Within this section of personal life I will relate how staying active, eating healthy, nd enjoying your social life can help you to better manage your money. Everyone is in college to better their future and to get prepared for the real-world, but just as any college student, you want to make the best out of your time here. 1)Staying focused and active – Living in dormitory or even in a house with eight roommates, you become very susceptible to catching different illnesses. By staying active and working out or excising several times throughout the week, your immune system will become stronger and fight off most illnesses. Staying in good shape also helps with increasing self-confidence, energy throughout the day, and keeping your mind active and positively focused. In college it is easier to gain the weight than it is to lose if you fall into the outside pressures of drinking, eating fast food, and sleeping all day. With keeping the self-discipline of staying focused and active it helps to keep a clear head which in return will help you to decide what expenses are important and what is a waste of your money. 2)Healthy diet To stay fit and keep your body in good shape, your diet is just as important as your workout. By going to the grocery store once a week and purchasing vegetables, fruits, meats, beverages, and carbohydrates can help you to save close to an additional $50-$100 a week. Not only is cheaper to purchase food at the grocery store but it is much healthier than ordering out or eating fast food. To cut the cost on buying groceries, divide the cost by you and your roommates, buy and share the food. In addition, you will receive more for your money when you purchase weekly groceries. To get the best prices for quality products, look through the newspaper ads for each supermarket and plan out where you can save the most money. Cut back on buying junk food, it is often expensive and is not healthy. If you do decide to eat out, college towns often have restaurants where you order and serve yourself, this cuts on the cost of leaving a tip. The only problem that some college students might have is that they do not know how to shop at the grocery store or how to cook the food. This is where it might be helpful to make a phone call home and get some instructions from your mother. For those that can cook and shop at the grocery store, this is a great way to get more for your money as well as maintain a healthy diet. )Social life – This is often times confused for the reason as to why you are in college. While it may be easy to fall into the trap of going out every weekend and living the party life it is essential to keep focus as to why you are in college. You are here to get an education and better yourself, not to blow all your money on partying and fail out. This is where the significance of self-discip line and managing your money properly should take first priority. Everyone likes to have a good time and enjoy themselves, it is important to keep things in moderation. Learn to limit your vices or â€Å"stress-relievers† (as some college students say) such as, beer, cigarettes, and etc†¦ These vices can be expensive and costly to your health as well. By keeping to your budget and using the allotted amount you give yourself a weekend you can enjoy yourself and still save money. Here are a couple tips on how to keep the expenses of your weekend nights to a minimum; †¢Have a meal before you leave to go out. Leaving the house/dorm hungry can cost you a lot of money that you may not have. †¢Leave your debit card and wallet home. Only bring the money you can afford for the night and your id. This will help to fight the temptations of buying unnecessary items, especially if you are under the influence. †¢If you have friends that have an unlimited bank account and spend lots of cash, try to avoid them and hang with friends that relate to your financial status. You don’t need to spend a lot of money to enjoy yourself in college. The following is a list of inexpensive activities and entertainment for any guy or girl student who is looking to save money and enjoy their social life as well; †¢Newspapers offer listings of inexpensive or free events that are going to take place in your city/town †¢ Going to matinee movies School events, such as sporting events or clubs †¢Spend a day at the local park, go for a walk or fly a kite †¢Bicycle rides with a friend †¢Spending the afternoon baking and relaxing †¢Grab a couple friends and play sports at the school gym †¢Coffee shops often have free local bands play at night †¢Afternoon flea market †¢Depending on the season, apple or pumpkin picking for Halloween, Christmas shopping, Easter decorating or designing eggs, etc†¦ †¢Art gallery Student newspapers often give listings of free events or activities that are taking place around campus †¢Play video games with friends, create tournaments and play for bragging rights †¢Get involved in intramural sports †¢Ladies usually get into clubs for free and get drink specials †¢Go to bars with no cover charge and that have drink specials Throughout college you are going to meet a number of different people, some you will like more than others, and for those you do, you may find yourself taking him or her out on a date. Now for most people, saving money and dating are two notions that don’t connect. For most, on a first date you try to impress and give off the perception that you are not broke or even worse, cheap. To the disbelief of many, dating does not have to be expensive to be impressive, entertaining and unforgettable. Remember, you are trying to stick to a budget and with all other expenses it is challenging enough. The following bullets will explain how to have fun on a date without spending all your cash. †¢Mother Nature – It is all around us everywhere we go, natural scenery is different at every campus and usually the beauty goes unnoticed. A great idea for when the weather is nice is to take him or her down to Narrangansset or Newport and go for a walk on the beach. Take a walk around city blocks and stop somewhere there is nice view overlooking the city. Take time to find these spots at which ever campus you are, this can be extremely cheap and give quality time to build a better relationship. †¢Picnic A picnic in the local park is always a great idea. Bring sandwiches and beverages, it shows that you took the time to actually prepare something. This costs minimal as to what you spend at a restaurant and can be taken almost anywhere. Depending on the mood you are trying to create, you can make a picnic either casual or romantic by adding a few extra accessories. †¢Sporting events – If you get so lucky to find a woman who is interested in sports, this is a great opportunity to either play a sport together or to watch a sporting event at your school. This also allows you to spend quality time with one another as well as have a good time while saving your money. †¢Experience culture and history – In this city there a number of historical buildings, museums, art galleries, cultural centers and landmarks that are either very cheap or free. Often times, there are exhibits that are off campus that have reduced or free admission for college students. This is good for a date on a more intellectual level and gives time to get to know each other as well as the area you are in. †¢Dinner at home – For those of you who are culinary skilled, this is a great opportunity to impress your date and to save the cost of going out to eat. To make the date more interesting, cook the meal together and combine ideas. After the meal, this is a chance to hang out and watch a movie or play a game. This is a great date idea to impress and really have a good time. Miniature golf/go karts – This makes for a great afternoon date and adds a little excitement. Racing each other and fooling around on the race track provides a fun time for one another. In miniature golf, a friendly competition allows to make things more exciting and to fool around. †¢University events – In the school paper, there are listings of events that are taking place for the following week. Usually events are free or reduced admission, which includes concerts, art exhibits, guest speakers, and plays. This can make for a quality date as well as save you money. †¢Coffee houses – Stop at a local coffee shop to relax and have conversation. Coffee is much cheaper than a meal at a restaurant and provides the relaxed atmosphere to get to know each other better. Also, order a dessert and splitting it provides for a romantic experience. Making Money I’ve saved the best for last. If you can master even one of these, you’ll have a head-start on your friends. Master all four, and you’ll be on the road to wealth. No kidding. †¢Spend less than you earn. Don’t earn much? Then don’t spend much. If your spending and income are roughly even, you have two choices: earn more or spend less. When I was in college, I worked as many as four jobs at once. This gave me a lot of spending cash. (Unfortunately, I didn’t do a good job with the spend less part of the equation. ) †¢Be an outstanding employee. Good work habits can pay enormous dividends, leading to recommendations and contacts that you can use after you’re out of school. Several of my classmates turned work-study jobs into launching pads for future careers. †¢Start your own business. Can you install a hard drive? Can you strip a computer of spyware? Can you perform minor car repairs? Do you have a pickup truck you could use to haul furniture? Are you a passable guitar player? Charge cheap rates and exceed expectations. Word will spread. When you’ve built up a customer base, you can raise your rates a little. This is an awesome way to make money. Learn to invest. Find a discount broker and begin making regular investments. Sharebuilder is a great choice for college students. It costs only $4 to make a scheduled stock purchase, and you can invest any amount of money, even $20. Don’t obsess over the details yet. You can worry about high returns and low fees later. Right now the most important thing is to develop the investment habit. (Ad: Buy Stocks for $4 at ShareBuilder. Ten years from now, you’ll thank yourself. If you can find a way to invest $1000 a year for the next ten years, you can set yourself up for life. Organization and Planning Save your receipts. Put them in a shoebox under your bed if you must, but hold onto them. You’ll need to be able to compare them with statements at the end of the month. And some you’ll need to keep for several years. Guard your vital stats. Don’t give out your social security number or your credit card info except to known and trusted sources. Pay your bills on time. Basic advice, but it’s surprising how many people lose track of things. If you pay your bills as they arrive, you won’t have to worry about forgetting them. Tuition Expenses †¢Try looking for scholarships. You may think that youre no longer eligible for scholarships since youre a college student, but this isnt true. Your school or other foundations may offer scholarship programs that can save you loads of money on college tuition. For further information you may want to try www. findaid. org or www. college-scholarships. com. †¢Shop around for student loans. Just like choosing a credit card company, you should try going to different banks to see what types of interest rates are available. You may want to choose the type of loan that begins charging you interest after youre finished with collegenot the type of loan that charges you interest while youre in school. Other Expenses †¢Shop around for a reasonable cell phone plan. Try to find a plan that works best for the type of calls you make the most. Do you call your family or friends most often? Do you need a long distance plan? Do you text message often? †¢Try filling your prescriptions at your schools health center. Sometimes campus health centers will fill your prescriptions for a fraction of the cost of a regular pharmacy. See a doctor on campus. If you feel sick, you may want to consider seeing a doctor or a nurse practitioner on campus. These services are often free. †¢Bike, walk or take the bus to school. These alternatives may help you save money on gas and alleviate some of the stress you may experience trying to park on campus. †¢Go to the on-campus gym. Access to this gym equipment is usu ally free. If you want to take group classes, however, be prepared to pay a fee. http://www. getrichslowly. org/blog/2006/08/30/27-money-tips-for-college-students/